תוצאת חיפוש

אביטל פורטר, אלכסנדר בטלר, דוד חסדאי

המערך לקרדיולוגיה, מרכז רפואי רבין, קמפוס בילינסון, פתח תקוה

מחלת לב כלילית מהווה את הגורם העיקרי לתמותה בעולם המערבי בכלל ובאוכלוסיית הקשישים בפרט. באופן כללי, הטיפול הניתן לחולה הקשיש הלוקה בתיסמונת כלילית חדה, הן בשלב החד והן כטיפול ממושך, נרחב פחות ופולשני פחות מזה הניתן לחולה הצעיר ואינו תואם את ההנחיות המקובלות.

חריגויות אלה מבטאות כנראה את תחושת הרופאים, שסיכויי הצלחת הטיפול נמוכים בחולה הקשיש, נוכח מחלות רקע רבות, שכיחות גבוהה של מחלה כלילית רב-כלית, וזמן ממושך יותר, יחסית לצעירים, עד קבלת סיוע רפואי.

המטרות בסקירה זו הן: 1) לבחון את הידוע כיום בספרות אודות טיפול תרופתי ופולשני בחולה הקשיש הלוקה בתיסמונת כלילית חדה; 2) לנסות לענות על השאלה, האם גיל צריך להוות שיקול בגיבוש העמדה הטיפול בתיסמונות כליליות חדות.

Diagnosis and Therapy in Acute Stroke: A Rehabilitation Center Viewpoint

M. Motin, J. Streifler, A. Tsur, H. Ring

Neurological Rehabilitation Dept., Loewenstein Rehabilitation Center, Ra'anana; Neurological Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv

The extent of the diagnostic work-up of patients with acute stroke was evaluated in 101 patients admitted for rehabilitation during a 4-month period in 1997. This included specific blood tests and neuro- and cardiac imaging, and compared the extent of work-up in a community hospital versus a rehabilitation center. Comparisons were also made with similar investigations 10 and 20 years earlier.

Results demonstrated that the trend to admit younger stroke patients (<50 years) to neurological (as opposed to medical) departments observed between 1977-1987 persisted in 1997.

The use of CT scan increased dramatically from 1977 to 1987 (19% vs 78%), and in 1997 was actually 100% The use of carotid duplex and echocardiography increased steadily during the 3 decades reaching 26% and 28% respectively. Tests for thrombophilia were seldom done. However, in neurological departments it was done in about 50% of the younger stroke patients. In neurology departments carotid duplex was done 2 to 3 times more often than in medical departments.

During rehabilitation imaging tests were done once or more in almost half the patients. The results and those of additional blood tests, have led to modification of antithrombotic treatment in 14% of the younger group and 4% of the older group.

We have clearly shown that while stroke work-up has become more comprehensive in recent years, there is still much to do in this field. Stroke units or teams in our general hospitals will increase stroke awareness, improve work-up and hasten definitive treatment.
 

Evaluation of Predictive Factors for Stroke Rehabilitation

Abraham Adunsky, Shlomo Levenkrohn, Yehudit Fleissig, Angela Chetrit, Zvia Blumstein

Geriatric Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Depts., Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Our objective was to assess the functional disability of stroke patients by the functional independence measure (FIM) and to examine predictive factors for successful rehabilitation. In 127 consecutive stroke patients efficacy of FIM was 23.9±188, efficiency 0.54±0.45 and 81.9% of patients returned home. Functional improvement was statistically significant (p<0.001) in all FIM domains. Multivariate analysis showed that improvement in FIM score was significantly greater in the younger, among the married, the hemiparetic, and those with an admission FIM of 40-60, while efficiency was related only to type of diagnosis. In addition, the hemiparetic were 3.3 times more likely to return home than the hemiplegic.

We conclude that rehabilitation priorities should be directed towards patients younger than 75 years and to those with an admission FIM of 40-60 points. The results of this study reaffirm the usefulness of the FIM index in assessing stroke rehabilitation.

Terror in Japan: Mass-Intoxication with the Nerve-Agent Sarin

Yoram Solberg, Orit Nachtomi-Shick, Yehoshua Shemer, Menachem Alcalay

Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

During 1994/5 the Japanese civilian population suffered 2 terror attacks by the organophosphorus nerve-agent sarin. In these 2 episodes it is estimated that more than 6000 people were injured, of whom 19 died. The quick and efficient response of the civilian emergency systems to these unforseen, attacks has to be analyzed by local authorities to determine the best solutions in case of another attack. We summarize the events, and note the emergency system's response, the need for rapid and accurate chemical identification of the toxin, the necessity for decontaminating the casualties and for providing protective gear for rescue units in the contaminated area. We also describe the clinical status of the casualties and outline the mode of therapy applied.

Geriatric Rehabilitation in Israel: Assessment of Needs and In-Patient Services

J. Gindin, M.A. Clarfield, Z. Haklai, P. Zedaka, J. Brodesky, M. Davis

Geriatric Division, Kaplan-Hartzfeld Hospitals, Rehovot; Geriatric Wing, and Health Information and Computer Service, Israel Ministry of Health; Central Bureau of Statistics, Prime Minister's Office; Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem; and Health of the Elderly, Israel Center for Disease Control

Geriatric rehabilitation (GR) in Israel, which has not been thoroughly investigated, was examined by a subcommittee of the Committee on Health of the Elderly, in the Israel Center for Disease Control.

The needs of the elderly population for rehabilitational services were assessed and the existing services reviewed. A survey of GR beds, their geographic distribution, and the number of patients over 65 after CVA and hip fracture (the 2 main causes for GR need) was carried out. Data were gathered from records of the Ministry of Health and the Central Bureau of Statistics.

In 1994 there were 1,503 beds for active, long-term geriatric care in general and geriatric hospitals: 751 beds were assigned to rehabilitative geriatrics, and the rest to skilled-nursing geriatrics. A high concentration of beds was found in the geographical center of the country, in contrast to a small number in the periphery. Approximately 10,100 patients were hospitalized that year in rehabilitative geriatric and skilled-nursing wards.

There was considerable variation between services, as expressed in the wide range in average duration of hospitalization (from 12-269 days). Most of the beds for GR and skilled-nursing care beds were mixed in the geriatric wards together in the wards.

Limited services and public needs have led to the development of services outside the licensed and regulated settings, a process which has not yet been investigated. About 6,700 older patients were hospitalized during 1994 with a primary diagnosis of CVA. It has been estimated that 4,000 of them needed GR. 2,624 older patients died that year of CVA.

The increase in CVA prevalence between 1987 and 1994 was far greater than the increase in morbidity, in both the general and older populations. Nearly 4,000 elderly patients with a primary diagnosis of hip fracture, most of whom needed rehabilitation, were hospitalized in 1994. The total number of older patients who needed GR following CVA or hip fracture that year was set at 8,000. However, this figure is up to 30% lower than the actual rates, since the those 2 diagnoses include only 70% of total GR needs.

It is impossible to obtain a comprehensive picture of GR in Israel based only on currently available data. The subcommittee outlined areas to be thoroughly examined in-depth, including services and needs, as well as GR tools and processes and how to maintain the achievements of rehabilitation after discharge.

Hospitalization of the Elderly for Stroke Rehabilitation

D. Gottlieb, M. Kipnis, E. Sister, N. Lipkin, M. Medvedev, S. Brill

Stroke Rehabilitation Unit, Neurogeriatric Dept., Beit Rivka Geriatric Hospital, Petah Tikva

This is a descriptive, longitudinal study of 400 elderly patients admitted for stroke rehabilitation to a geriatric department dedicated to this purpose. We present the demographic, medical, and impairment and disability characteristics on admission, and the outcome of rehabilitation. Mean stay was 54 days and 2/3 became independent and returned home. Functional score on admission was the best predictor of outcome, but age and social support were also significant.

Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment in a Basketball Player

Atzmon Tsur, Radi Shahin

Rehabilitation Unit and Dept. of Neurology, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya

A basketball player was shown to have a suprascapular nerve lesion without any history of shoulder girdle trauma. This acute neuropathy, never previously described in basketball players, is a result of repeated micro-trauma, due to nerve traction over the coracoid notch during violent movement ("dunking" most probably). Clinically, he was unable to abduct his arm and had some difficulty in external rotation. He developed atrophy in both the supra- and the infraspinatus muscles. Nerve conduction latency to the supraspinatus muscle was 8.0 ms, and to the infraspinatus, 8.5 ms. The compound muscle action potential registered in the supraspinatus was 1.224 mV, and in the infraspinatus, 1.237 mV. After 3 weeks of inactivity, recovery was spontaneous and practically complete.

Between "Transparent Room" and "Sealed Room:" Professional Confidentiality and Therapeutic Judgement

Yuval Melamed, Ami Levy, Henry Szor

Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat Yam and Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod HaSharon

Patients and therapists are concerned with the complexities of protecting medical confidentiality. The traditional perception of protection of patient confidentiality is that the individual's interest in protecting his confidentiality may conflict with the public's need for information, especially in cases involving possible danger. In fulfilling his dual role of representing both the patient and the public, the therapist acts according to existing laws and regulations. We describe 3 cases in which refraining from providing the Army with information in accordance with the law was recognized in retrospect as having caused the patient suffering, and even danger. It is recommended that the therapist's judgement be considered in addition to other legal criteria for determining whether or not to protect patient confidentiality.