תוצאת חיפוש

שלמה וינקר, ששון נקר, ניר עמיר, אלכס לוסטמן, מיכאל וינגרטן

המח' לרפואת המשפחה, מרכז רפואי רבין, פתח-תקוה והחוג לרפואת משפחה, הפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל אביב

המשותף לתחומים השונים של הרפואה המשלימה הוא היעדר הכרה, חלקית או מלאה, של הרפואה המימסדית. לכן, בחינת העמדות כלפי הרפואה המשלימה כמיקשה אחת יכולה להטעות.

המטרה בעבודה זו היא לבדוק את הידע והעמדות של רופאי-משפחה אודות תחומי הרפואה המשלימה השכיחים ביותר בישראל.

באוכלוסיית המחקר נכללו רופאי-משפחה במגוון מסגרות של לימודי המשך בישראל. הרופאים נתבקשו להשיב על שאלון אנונימי קצר המורכב משמונה שאלות רב-ברירה לבדיקת ידע ועמדות אודות אקופונקטורה, הומיאופתיה, שיאצו ורפלקסולוגיה.

השתתפו במחקר זה 130 רופאים (שיעור היענות של 91%). הכשרה מעמיקה באחד התחומים היתה נדירה (3%-7%); רמת הידע בכל התחומים היתה נמוכה מאוד; 58% שגו בתשובותיהם על כל השאלות, והתוצאה הטובה ביותר היתה 5 תשובות נכונות מתוך 8. מרבית הרופאים ראו את הרפואה המשלימה כלגיטימית וראויה להתקיים לצידה של הרפואה המסורתית. כשישים אחוזים דיווחו כי הם מפנים ביוזמתם חולים לקבלת טיפול בתחומים שונים של הרפואה החלופית, וכ-30% ראו אפשרות לשלב תחומים מסויימים ברפואה המשלימה עם הרפואה המסורתית.

לא נמצאו הבדלים משמעותיים בגישה של הרופאים לתחומים השונים. ידע נרחב יותר ברפואה משלימה היה קשור בעמדות חיוביות יותר (p<0.05) ובנטייה להפנות יותר חולים ביוזמת הרופא למטפל ברפואה משלימה (p<0.1, לא משמעותי).

לסיכום, עמדות רופאי-המשפחה כלפי תחומי הרפואה המשלימה השכיחים בישראל הן חיוביות. קיים קשר בין העמדות כלפי הרפואה המשלימה לבין הידע בתחום זה. יש מקום לשקול בחיוב את העמקת הידע של הרופא בנושא.

שרונה אמר, נגה טיבן, חאלד כרכבי, דורון חרמוני

המח' לרפואת משפחה, שירותי בריאות כללית, מחוז חיפה וגליל מערבי והפקולטה לרפואה, הטכניון, חיפה

קיימים בספרות דיווחים רבים על החשיבות של חדילה מעישון, עיסוק בפעילות גופנית ושמירה על תזונה בריאה. אין עדיין מספיק מחקרים בספרות העולמית בכלל ובישראל בפרט, המעידים שייעוץ רפואי אכן משפיע על מטופליו לשנות את אורח-חייהם. במחקר זה בחנו אם בפגישת רופא-מטופל המוקדשת כולה לנושא של רפואה מונעת ניתן לגרום לשינוי באורח-החיים של מטופלים, דהיינו הפסקת עישון, פעילות גופנית וירידה במשקל.

במחקר נכללו 88 מטופלים בגילאי 25-50. המטופלים זומנו לפגישה בת 20 דקות עם רופא-המשפחה. בפגישה קיבלו המטופלים הדרכה אישית מרופא-המשפחה בתחומים של עישון, פעילות גופנית ותזונה בריאה. ההדרכה הותאמה לכל מטופל. כעבור 6-12 חודשים, רואיינו המטופלים טלפונית. הנתונים עובדו ונותחו באמצעות תוכנת SPSS לחלונות.

מתוך 25 מעשנים, חדלו לעשן שתי מטופלות (8%); חמישה (20%) מעשנים הפחיתו מספר הסיגריות שעישנו ביום. לאחר ההתערבות חלה עלייה במספר האנשים שעסקו בפעילות גופנית קבועה – 56.1% לעומת 2.7% לפני ההתערבות. העלייה נמצאה משמעותית מבחינה סטטיסטית (p<0.001). בקרב מטופלים הלוקים בעודף-משקל (BMI 26.9-25) ובהשמנת-יתר (27>BMI) נמצאה ירידה משמעותית סטטיסטית (p<0.001) ב-BMI בעקבות ההתערבות. בקרב מטופלים בעלי משקל תקין (BMI 24.9-20) ונמוך (20<BMI) נמצאה ירידה ב-BMI – אולם היא אינה משמעותית סטטיסטית.

בעידן שבו שיקולים כלכליים מכבידים על עבודתו היומיומית של הרופא ועל החלטותיו, הראנו כי פגישה קצרה בין רופא למטופל, שאינה כרוכה בעלות גבוהה, עשויה לתרום לשינוי באורח-חייו של מטופל.

אשר בשירי, בוריס פורמן, משה מזור

החטיבה למיילדות וגינקולוגיה, מרכז רפואי אוניברסיטאי סורוקה, באר שבע

הנקת היילוד היא בעלת יתרונות מוכחים לגבי בריאות הילד ומקובל על הכל, שחלב אם מכיל את המרכיבים התזונתיים הטובים ביותר בהשוואה לתחליפים שונים, וכמו כן, נועד לו תפקיד מכריע בהישרדות הילודים במדינות מתפתחות. לאור זאת, תפקיד מכריע בהישרדות הילודים במדינות מתפתחות. לאור זאת, נודעת חשיבות רבה לאמצעי המנע הנבחר בזמן ההנקה, כך שיהיה בעל השפעות מיקטיות על החלב ועל הילוד.

בחירת אמצעי המנע (contraceptives) לאשה מיניקה צריכה להיקבע באופן אישי ויש לקחת בחשבון מספר שיקולים לגבי הסוג הנבחר ומועד תחילת הנטילה: העדפה אישית, השפעה על הפוריות, השפעה על ההנקה, עלות, שיעור השפעות-הלוואי, מידת היעילות, משך ההשפעה וזמינות השיטה.

Referrals and Self-Referrals to an Emergency Department

Sasson Nakar, Shlomo Vinker, Yaacov Or, Mordechai Schadel, Yosi Niego, Gavriel Plotkin

Central District of General Sick Fund and Family Medicine Dept., Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Emergency Dept., Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot (Affiliated with Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem)

The Israeli health system has been undergoing major changes in recent years. Considerations of cost containment have led sick funds to open new out-of-hours services in the community to reduce visits to hospital emergency departments.

Referred and self-referred visits to our emergency department during a 1-month period were studied. Patients after trauma or whose visits resulted in hospitalization were excluded. Of the 505 encounters 56.3% were of women; the average age was 52.5±19.3 years (range 18-96). 57.4% visits were during working hours of primary care clinics ("working hours"), while the others were "out-of-hours" visits. Only 52.7% had a referral letter, 75% of them from the family physician. The quality of the handwriting in 46% was good, in 44% fair and the remaining 10% were illegible. A specific clinical question was asked in only 16% of the letters. A third of "working-hours" visits were self- referrals, rising to 64% in "out-of-hours" visits (p<0.001).

The most common diagnoses in discharge letters were: chest or abdominal pain, asthma, back pain, headache, nephrolithiasis and upper respiratory tract infection. The rate of self-referrals was relatively high throughout the day. Cost-containment efforts did not seem to eliminate self-referrals with "primary care" problems. The quality of referral letters should be improved both with regard to format and content.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Training of Family Physicians with Regard to Addiction to Illicit Drugs

Aya Peleg, Roni Peleg, Pesach Shvartzman

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Unit, and Dept. of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Substance abuse is one of the most serious problems in Israel. Recent studies show the situation is getting worse. The deleterious outcomes of psychoactive substance abuse include crime, car accidents, physical and mental illness, violence and work injuries.

48 family physicians in the Negev completed a questionnaire which included training, diagnostic and treatment skills, attitudes, knowledge and need for training in this field. 38 family physicians (81%) had had no training, most (96%) indicated the importance of such training. 34 (71%) said that their medical skills could not cope with the problems of addiction, and 29 (64.5%) claimed that the quality of care of addict patients is reduced because of lack of knowledge and diagnostic skills. These findings support the conclusion that efforts should be invested in training family physicians in the field of psychoactive drugs, licit and illicit.

The New Family Physician

Eliezer Kitai, Avraham Sandiuk, Michael Weingarten, Shlomo Vinker

Dept. of Family Medicine, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The content of all consultations of a family physician during the first 2 months in a new practice and again in the same 2 months, 2 years later were analyzed. The workload did not change between the 2 periods, but in the first period there were relatively more men over the age of 60 years, and a more marked predominance of women in the 45-59 year age-group.

There were more follow-ups of pre-existing conditions during the first period, but in both periods the main reason for visits was an acute condition; a quarter of visits required only simple counseling without further investigation or prescribing of medication. During the first period 9% of visits were for the explicit purpose of getting to know the new physician, usually by women.

Thus the initial period in a new practice is not excessively burdensome, but involves seeing a number of patients who come either simply to get to know the new doctor, or to present non-chronic problems without expectation of further investigation.

Knowledge and Practice of Primary Care Physicians Relating to Streptococcal Pharyngitis

S. Leshem, H. Tabenkin, E. Dan, A. Tamir

Family Medicine Dept., Emek Medical Center and Northern District of Kupat Holim; and Northern Branch of Specialization Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Knowledge and practice of primary care physicians as to diagnosis and treatment of group A, b-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, and the degree to which they agreed with the medical literature and current clinical guidelines were examined. The study was conducted in a group of 195 general physicians, pediatricians, and family medicine specialists and residents. The data were collected using questionnaires which included personal information and questions relating to b-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis and were analyzed by chi-square and t-tests, and logistic regression, as appropriate. A new dependent variable, good clinical practice (GCP), was defined as the total number of correct answers to the questions in the questionnaire. 147 of the 195 eligible physicians returned completed questionnaires, a compliance rate of 76%.

96.6% cited pV as the drug of choice at a daily dosage of 1 g (43.7%) or 2 g (25.4%), for 10 days (90%). 133 physicians (90%) stated that the goal of penicillin therapy for beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis is to prevent late complications. 116 physicians (82%) cited rheumatic fever as a complication of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, preventable by appropriate antibiotic therapy. However, only 84 (59%) cited glomerulonephritis as a preventable complication.

When the knowledge and attitudes of the respondents was analyzed in terms of the new variable, GCP, a significant association (p<0.001) was found between physicians’ attitudes and variables such as where they had studied medicine, and work seniority. Those with less seniority and or medical graduates of the Americas demonstrated greater knowledge and better clinical judgment than their more senior colleagues and graduates of European and Asian medical schools. Most primary care physicians in northern Israel treat group A b-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis as recommended in the medical literature.

The level of medical studies in Israel and the Americas and the quality of training of residents in family medicine and pediatrics, have a positive influence on the degree of knowledge of as common a subject as b-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Emphasis should be placed on continuing medical education among primary care physicians, particularly veteran general physicians and those who studied in European or Asian medical schools.

Radiologic Appearance of "Falling Gallstones" during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

E. Alkalay, D. Yaffe, Z. Spindel

Eyn Vered Clinic and Depts. of Radiology and Surgery, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the "gold standard" in treating cholelithiasis. Stones are frequently lost in the peritoneal cavity during the procedure, but "missing stones" have been regarded as insignificant. However, there is accumulating evidence that untreated "lost" stones may cause complications even years after operation.

We present a 65-year-old woman who presented with vague complaints, anemia and an elevated ESR. CT scan showed an infiltrating process in extra-abdominal muscles compatible with sarcoma. At operation, 2.5 years after previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy, an abscess was found which contained biliary stones. Because of their small size they were not visible on CT scan. We discuss the possible ways of handling "falling stones."

Attitudes of Family Physicians to Alternative Medicine

Amiram Sarel, Jef Borkan, Ralph L. Carasso, Judith Bernstein, Uri Rozovsky

Brull-Tel Aviv Community Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba; and Dept. of Neurology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera

80 Israeli family physicians (51.25% men and 48.75% women) participated in a telephone survey concerning attitudes, practices and experience with alternative medicine. 23.75% reported practicing 1 or more alternative techniques, most commonly acupuncture28%) and hypnotherapy (24%). 55% had referred at least 1 patient to an alternative practitioner during the preceding month. Physicians who studied in Israel or Western countries referred more patients than graduates of medical schools of Eastern Europe. Specialists referred patients more often than residents. The most common reason for referral was back pain.

Background Music in the Family Physician's Surgery: Patient Reactions

S. Zalewsky, S. Vinker, I. Fiada, D. Livon, E. Kitai

Family Medicine Clinics and Dept. of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Music is a universal language, and its effects on pain relief and stress reduction are well known. We evaluated patients' opinions of the effects of background music in their family doctors' surgery. Low volume, background, classical music was played in the doctors' surgery on 5 consecutive clinic days. All patients were asked to fill a short anonymous questionnaire on leaving. Among the 135 consecutive patients offered the questionnaire, there was 87.4% compliance. Among the 118 who completed the questionnaire, 95% said that the background music did not disturb them, 89% thought it made them feel better and 80% thought that it aided the doctor's performance. We conclude that low volume, background music in the doctors's surgery may contribute to better doctor-patient interaction, although larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Urgent, Unscheduled Self-Referrals by Ambulatory Patients

S. Vinker, S. Nakar, Z. Alon, H. Abu-Amar, G. Sadovsky, E. Hyam

General Sick Fund, Central District and Dept. of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Direct self-referral to a consultant is common in the Israeli health system. Yet patients' reasons for their urgent, unscheduled self-referrals for ambulatory consultations (UUSR) have not been explored. We studied such consultations in an urban multi-disciplinary consultation center serving a population of approximately 100,000. Over a 3-month period such consultations in ophthalmology, ear-nose-and-throat and dermatology clinics were treated by a duty family physician (FP). The FP was instructed to focus on the urgent complaint and either to give definitive treatment and schedule a consultation when needed, or refer the patient for immediate specialist consultation. Patients treated by the FP were asked to fill an anonymous questionnaire, which 347/645 (55.4%) did.

Among the reasons for UUSR were that the patient thought that his/her complaints should be treated by a consultant (29%), the patient was sent by the FP without a consultation note (13.9%), the FP was not available (10.4%), or the patient wished to see the consultant for a second opinion (8.2%). In only 7.8% had the patient noted that his complaint needed urgent consultation. Duration of complaints, but not prior efforts to schedule a consultation, were associated with different reasons for asking for an UUSR. For various reasons patients preferred an UUSR rather than seeing their own FP. Patients' opinions regarding self-referrals are important in planning primary care facilities and FP training.

Pains and Pleasures of a Family Physician: 10 Years of Caring for a Family

Andre Matalon

Family Medicine Dept., Tel Aviv University and Kupat Cholim Klalit, Machoz Dan, Petah Tikva

One of the major characteristics of family medicine is the duration of the doctor-patient relationship over a continuum of time. Physician and family contribute to establishing a relationship that is both therapeutic and gratifying. This mutual bond and involvement was called by Balint "a mutual investment company," in which understanding and trust grow over the years. This paper deals with these contributions and investments, and the positive and negative emotions evoked in the family physician by the patient and family. After 20 years of caring for the family presented, it was possible to address more specifically the analysis of the pains and pleasures of this continuity of care, and the sources of the complex bonding between the family and the family physician.

Familial Occurrence of Ebstein Anomaly

Ruti Margalit-Stashefski, Avraham Lorber, Eyal Margalit

Family Practice Unit, Kupat Holim Klalit, Haifa, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Rambam Hospital, Haifa and Ophthalmology Dept., Hadassah--University Hospital, Jerusalem

Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital disease which affects location, structure and mobility of the tricuspid valve, and right atrium and ventricle. Although most cases are sporadic, familial occurrence has been reported. We report 2 brothers born with Ebstein anomaly. The parents were first degree cousins and there were 8 other children. 2 daughters were born with other congenital heart anomalies, 1 with ventricular septal defect and the other with severe pulmonary artery stenosis. We suggest that in some families, Ebstein anomaly is an autosomal dominant disease with different expression in the sexes.

Primary Care Physicians in Israel Compared with European Countries

P. Shvartzman, R. Gross, H. Tabenkin, D. Yuval, M. Grinshtein, B. Wienka

Dept. of Family Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba;

Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem; and Nivel Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands

This study compares Israeli primary care physicians with those of European countries. In Israel a larger proportion of those in primary care are women. The Israeli physicians see many patients a day, but almost never make home visits. They also report for work the fewest hours a day, but spend 21 hours a month in continuous medical education. (more than Europeans?) The Israeli primary care physician scores high in screening for breast cancer and blood cholesterol level, but very low in the fields of minor surgery and alcohol and smoking prevention, contraception, nutrition counseling and normal pregnancy follow-up. Residency training and education may be inadequate, and more emphasis has to be put on the health system and recognizing environmental influences.

Correlation between Success in Specialty Examinations and Learning Methods of Family Medicine Residents

Netta Notzer, Dahlia Megiddo, Ruth Abramowitz, Michael Weingarten

Medical Education Unit, Family Medicine Section, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Learning methods chosen by residents in family medicine during their residency and the correlation between them and achievement in the written specialty exams (Stage 1) were investigated. The learning patterns studied were: structured learning (certification course, study with a tutor, staff meetings, conferences) and self-learning (textbooks, journals, the Hebrew publication "Update," and audio tapes). Of 184 residents who took the examination in 1994-5, 104 responded to a questionnaire as to preferences for the various learning aids and satisfaction with their use. There was no correlation between use of a given learning method and success in the examination. Significantly more candidates preferred self-learning, especially among those who were successful, but also among some who failed the examination. There was no direct connection between the examination and the high level requirements of the residency program, for which up-to-date, integrated knowledge based on self-learning is needed.