תוצאת חיפוש

עמליה קלינר-באומגרטן, (2) אביאל סידי, (3) מומי קליין, (4) נטליה בילנקו, (5) בן-עמי סלע

(1) היח' לאישפוז יום למחלות פנימיות, (2) המח' לרפואה פנימית ד', (3) היח' לטיפול נמרץ נשימתי, מרכז רפואי סורוקה, הפקולטה לרפואה, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון, באר-שבע, (4) לשכת הבריאות, מחוז דרום, (5) המכון לכימיה פתולוגית, מרכז רפואי שיבא, תל-השומר, הפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

פטירתו של פועל סיני בן 23 שנה מאתר בנייה בדרום ישראל. לאחר מהלך של חמצת מטבולית סוערת שהחלה בבצקת והפרעות תחושה ברגליים, העלתה חשש לתיסמונת בריברי (beriberi) על רקע חסר בתיאמין. משני פועלים סינים מאותו אתר, שהתלוננו אף הם על כאבים ונפיחות ברגליים, הותקנו דגימות ונמצא בהן חסר בולט בתיאמין. בהמשך נמצא חסר בתיאמין בקרב 56% מבין פועלים סינים מאותה קבוצה, ללא כל תסמינים קליניים גלויים. בדיקת הרכב מזונם של הפועלים העלתה מיעוט תיאמין בברות (דיאטה), בשל מגוון מצומצם של מזון, מנהגי בישול ואכילה ייחודיים, ומודעות לקויה של המעסיקים לתכולת מרכיבי מזון חיוניים, בהם תיאמין. על ציבור הרופאים בישראל לגלות ערנות לאפשרות של מחלת בריברי בקרב עובדים זרים סינים לכאורה, השוהים בישראל.

אחינעם לב-שגיא, ירון חמני, דלית דרימן-מדינה, חננאל הולצר, יובל לביא, שמחה יגל

המח' לרפואת נשים ויולדות, בית-החולים הדסה הר-הצופים, האוניברסיטה העברית, ירושלים

לאיבחון טרום-לידתי של מומים נודעת חשיבות רבה בשיקולים הנוגעים למעקב במהלך ההריון, לאופן הלידה ולמועדה, וכן לטיפול מיידי לאחר הלידה או להחלטה על הפסקת הריון. היכולת לאבחן חלק גדול ממומי העובר באמצעות סריקות העל-שמע במהלך ההריון השתפרה והלכה במהלך השנים, ובשל חשיבותה הפכה לבדיקת שיגרה בהריון למטרת איתור מומים מלידה. למרות זאת, מספר רב של מומים עדיין אינו מזוהה בבדיקה השגרתית. הסיבה לאי-זיהויים של חלק מן המומים עלולה לנבוע מכך שחלקם מתפתחים באופן הדרגתי במהלך התקופה העוברית ואף לאחר הלידה, והם נבדלים זה מזה בסיבתם, במועדה, במשך התפתחותם ובמנגנונים המעורבים בהיווצרותם.

בסקירה זו מדווח על טיבם ההתפתחותי של מומים בעובר, מובאות סמפר דוגמאות למומים התפתחותיים במערכות הגוף השונות, ונדונות ההשלכות הרפואיות והמשפטיות שיש לעובדת קיומם של מומים התפתחותיים וליכולת הגילוי המוגבלת של מומים מלידה במהלך ההריון בסריקות על-שמע.

שי פורת, רונית אגיד, אוריאל אלחלל, יוסי עזרא, משה גמרי ומיכאל נדג'ארי

ההסתייעות בתהודה מגנטית (תה"מ)לדימות קדם-לידתי משלים לבדיקת-על שמע מתרחבת והולכת בשנים האחרונות, זאת הודות לפיתוח רצפי תהודה מגנטית מהירים. רצפים אלו מאפשרים השגת תמונות בדרגת הפרדה גבוהה של העובר במהלך עצירת נשימה אחת של האם, תוך מיזעור הארטיפקטים עקב תזוזת העובר.

במאמר זה מדווח על ניסיוננו בהסתייעות בתה"מ לאיבחון מומים עובריים והריוניים.

באוכלוסיית המחקר נכללו 39 הרות אשר עברו מיולי 1998 ועד יולי 2000 מספר כולל של 40 בדיקות תה"מ. ההוריה לביצוע כל הבדיקות היתה חשד למום עוברי או הריוני על-פי בדיקת על-שמע, בדיקות מעבדה או אנאמנזה משפחתית.

בשלושים-ואחת נשים (77.5%) נמצא מיתאם בין המימצאים בבדיקת העל-שמע למימצאים בבדיקת התה"מ, מהן ב-6 נשים (15%) תרמה בדיקת התה"מ מידע חדש חשוב. בעשרים ושש נשים (66.6%) נבדק המיתאם בין מימצאים טרום-לידתיים לבין מעקב קליני, דימות או בדיקה פתולוגית בתר-לידתית. בשתי נשים המימצאים הקליניים והדימות הבתר-לידתי לא תאמו את המימצאים הטרום-לידתיים שהודגמו בעל-שמע ובתה"מ.

תה"מ נחשבת בדיקה בטוחה במהלך ההריון, אם כי אין לכך הוכחות ברורות, מאחר שאין מסתייעים בבדיקה זו בקרינה מייננת. שיטה זו מדגימה היטב את האנטומיה והפתולוגיה של העובר, ואת המיבנים האימהיים, כדוגמת הרחם והשיליה, אמצעי דימות זה מסייע בנשים בהן עלה בבדיקת על-שמע חשד למום עוברי או הריוני, או במצבים בהם גורמים טכניים מגבילים את יעילותה של בדיקת העל-שמע. תה"מ סייעה להורים ורופאים להכריע באשר לגורל הריון שנחשד כבלתי תקין בזכות קבלת מידע משלים חשוב לבדיקת העל-שמע.

Folic Acid for Preventing Neural Tube Defects

Ziv Gil, Adi Aran, Orna Friedman, Liana Beni-Adani, Shlomo Constantini

Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv

Spina bifida and anencephaly are the most common, serious malformations in neural tube defects (NTD). Randomized trials in the last 2 decades have demonstrated that folic acid, 0.4 mg/d, reduces the incidence of NTD by more than 50%. We investigated the use of folic acid and multivitamins containing folic acid in childbearing women.

Of 221 women interviewed, 67 (30%) regularly took pills containing 0.4 mg folic acid. Women with higher educational levels were more likely to take multivitamins with folic acid than were the less educated (p=0.05). Of the women who took folic acid, only 5 (7.5%) used separate folic acid tablets, before and during their pregnancy. The rest used multivitamins containing folic acid. The 5 women who took folic acid separately were college-educated and nonreligious, and they took multivitamins in addition (p>0.05).

Of the women interviewed, 58 (26.2%) were Bedouin of the Negev. 24 (41.4%) of them took pills containing folic acid on a regular basis. This percentage is higher than that in the Jewish women in the study who took folic acid for prevention of NTD (17%; p=0.038).

Most of the women took folic acid after the first trimester. Only a minority took daily periconceptional folic acid. Multivitamins containing 0.4 mg of folic acid were more popular than folic acid tablets alone. This study emphasizes the need for continuing efforts to increase consumption of folic acid and awareness of its benefits among women of childbearing age.

Plication of Diaphragm for Postoperative, Phrenic Nerve Injury in Infants and Young Children

Yael Refaely, David A. Simansky, Michael Paley, Alon Yellin

Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Paralysis of the diaphragm may cause life-threatening respiratory distress in infants and young children because of paradoxical motion of the affected diaphragm and contralateral shift of the mediastinum during expiration. Phrenic nerve injury (PNI) may follow chest operations.

10 children with diaphragmatic paralysis and severe respiratory distress underwent plication of the diaphragm. Ages ranged from 14 days to 5 years. 9 had PNI after operations for congenital heart disease and 1 after resection of an intraspinal cervical lipoma. The right side was affected in 7, the left in 3.

Indication for surgery was inability to wean from mechanical ventilation, which had ranged from 11 to 152 days (median 35). 8 underwent plication via a thoracic approach and 2 via an abdominal approach. There were no complications directly related to the operation.

The interval from plication to weaning from mechanical ventilation ranged from 2 to 140 days (median 4). 1 patient died 2 hours after plication due to severe heart failure and 2 after prolonged hospitalization due to sepsis and multi-organ failure. 6 were extubated 2-8 days (median 4) after plication and 1 only after 40 days.

Early diaphragmatic plication is simple and avoids more serious surgery. While effective in ventilator-dependent infants and young children, it should not be used in those with multi-organ failure. Early plication may prevent the complications of prolonged mechanical ventilation.

1000 Cardiac Catheterizations in Congenital Heart Disease

Benjamin Zeevi, Galit Bar-Mor, Michael Berant

Cardiac Catheterization Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Over the past 15 years, percutaneous therapeutic cardiac catheterization has become increasingly important in the treatment of congenital heart disease. We describe our experience in 1000 such catheterizations between 1993-1997. 55% were in 1-12-year-olds; only 20% were in patients younger than 1 year old and 11.3% were in adults with congenital heart defects. In about 50% it was at least a second cardiac catheterization. Overall, there were 425 therapeutic cardiac catheterizations, increasing from 33% in the first 200 procedures, to 63% in the last 200.

We performed 30 different types of therapeutic catheterizations: 23.3% were valvular dilations, 21.4% vessel angioplasties, 36.9% closure procedures, 9.2% electrophysiological procedures, and 9.2% miscellaneous. In 31.3% of therapeutic catheterizations we used 12 new procedures. Minor complications occurred in 8.5% and major in 0.6%; most complications were successfully treated or were self-limited and there was no residual damage.

In this report the current role of each type of major catheterization is discussed on the basis of our experience. Further development of technology for lesions not amenable to currently available transcatheter methods, and longer follow-up for current techniques will consolidate the role of therapeutic cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease.

The Israel Teratogen Information Service: A 10-Year Report 

A. Ornoy, S. Shechtman, J. Arnon

Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School and Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem

The Israel Teratogen Information Service (TIS) was established 10 years ago with the help of the Ministry of Health and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School. During these 10 years we have had 20,631 calls. We describe the results of our experience in counseling.

There was a gradual increase in the number of calls, which in 1997 reached 4,447. Most calls (84.5%) were during pregnancy, while 12% were prior to pregnancy. In 75.7% the calls were due to drug exposure during pregnancy; 10.9% were due to exposure to X-rays; there was maternal infection in 6.6% and in 5% immunization during pregnancy. The callers were: physicians in 46.6%, nurses 18.9%, pregnant women 39.5%, and 4.8% others.

In 76.6% there was no additional risk to the embryo or fetus and in 17.4% there was a small additional risk of less than 1%; a significant additional risk to the fetus was expected in only 6%. In 3625 pregnant women with known outcome there were 8.9% spontaneous and 9.2% induced abortions. Of the 2968 live-born children, 2.3% were malformed, a rate similar to that among controls.

The information provided by the TIS alleviated the fears most pregnant women have, and reduced unnecessary terminations of pregnancy planned because of unjustified fear of the teratogenic effects of agents to which women were exposed. It reduced the number of children born with congenital anomalies, since pregnancies were interrupted whenever there was a high risk for congenital anomalies.

Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

Benjamin Zeevi, Michael Berant, Rami Fogelman, Galit Bar-Mor, Leonard Blieden

Cardiology Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Isolated secundum atrial septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart defects. Surgical closure is the treatment of choice but is associated with a chest scar, some morbidity and a relatively long recovery and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect is therefor an attractive approach.

3 children, aged 5-10 years, underwent successful transcatheter closure of moderate to large central atrial septal defects with the Cardioseal device. The procedures were performed under x-ray and transesophageal echocardiographic guidance.

Our initial experience, and that of others, indicates that transcatheter occlusion of secundum atrial septal defects is safe and effective and can be an appropriate alternative in approximately 60% of patients.

Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects: Initial Clinical Applications

Shahar Zimand, Einat Birk, Mira Frand, Patricia Benjamin, Julius Hegesh

Dept. of Pediatric Cardiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Schneider Medical Center, Petah Tikva

The incidence of congenital heart defects is 0.8% of live-born infants. Of these 13% are ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASD) which can be successfully repaired by open heart surgery with less than 1% mortality. However, morbidity associated with cardiac surgery is universal. Transcatheter closure of ASDs was introduced 2 decades ago to decrease surgical complications, hospital stay and cost. Few devices have undergone clinical trials but all of them have been associated with instances of failure and complications. The most important mechanism for acute failure was selection of cases with too large a defect or selection of a defective device. In the past decade great progress has been made with the aid of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and modifications of the device. We present our experience in our first 5 patients. They ranged in age from 4 to 27 years; the ASD diameter was 11-15 mm and the device diameter was 17-33 mm. All transcatheter closures were performed on the same day without any complications, and all patients were discharged home after 2 days of hospitalization. We conclude that transcatheter occlusion of ASDs up to 15 mm is feasible, relatively safe and effective. This transcatheter method appears to be a viable alternative to surgery for some patients with secundum atrial septal defects.

Familial Occurrence of Ebstein Anomaly

Ruti Margalit-Stashefski, Avraham Lorber, Eyal Margalit

Family Practice Unit, Kupat Holim Klalit, Haifa, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Rambam Hospital, Haifa and Ophthalmology Dept., Hadassah--University Hospital, Jerusalem

Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital disease which affects location, structure and mobility of the tricuspid valve, and right atrium and ventricle. Although most cases are sporadic, familial occurrence has been reported. We report 2 brothers born with Ebstein anomaly. The parents were first degree cousins and there were 8 other children. 2 daughters were born with other congenital heart anomalies, 1 with ventricular septal defect and the other with severe pulmonary artery stenosis. We suggest that in some families, Ebstein anomaly is an autosomal dominant disease with different expression in the sexes.

First Year's Experience of the Post, Operative Cardiac Care Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center

O. Dagan, E. Birk, J. Katz, B. Vidne

Cardiothoracic Pediatric Service, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva

In the past 10 years there has been a growing preference for early, complete correction of congenital heart disease. The first year of operation of this cardiac unit is described. 216 operations were performed: 15% in the neonatal age group and 35% in the newborn to l-year-old groups; 2% were palliative procedures. Mortality was 4.9%. Average stay in the ICU was 3.2  days, with a median of 2.25. Average length of ventilation was 35 hours, with a median of 17.5. Complications were: diaphragm paralysis in 13 (6%), 2/3 of which were recurrent operations; in 2 patients (0.9%) we had to plicate the diaphragm. There was severe neurological damage in 2, which deteriorated to brain death in 1. There was peripheral, reversible neurological damage in 4 (1.8%), and acute renal failure in 3%, with half of them requiring dialysis. 75% of these children died and there was superficial infection in 4.1%, deep wound infection in 1.3%, bacteremia in 4.1%, superior vena cava syndrome in 3 (1.3%) and chylothorax in 2 of them (0.9%). 1 patient (0.45%) required a ventricle-peritoneal shunt after acute viral meningitis. We are encouraged by our results to offer early complete correction to all children with congenital heart disease.