תוצאת חיפוש

עצמון צור

מחלקת השיקום, ביה"ח לגליל המערבי, נהריה

רקע: נפילות חולים שלקו באירוע וסקולארי במוח ומאושפזים לצורך קבלת טיפול שיקומי, הן תופעה מוכרת וידועה. בכדי למונען, יש לזהות את הגורמים להתרחשותן כבר בשלב מוקדם של האישפוז.

מטרה: לזהות גורמי סיכון לנפילות של נפגעי אירוע וסקולארי במוח אשר נמצאים בתהליך של שיקום.

שיטות: נסקרו 36 נפילות שהתרחשו אצל 25 חולים שאושפזו לשיקום לאחר אירוע וסקולארי במוח. בכל אחד מן המיקרים נדרש החוקר למלא טופס מיוחד שנועד לספק מידע כללי ורפואי אודות החולה ולפרט את תרחיש הנפילה.

תוצאות: 18 חולים נפלו פעם אחת, 5 חולים - פעמיים, ו-2 חולים - ארבע פעמים. 89% מקבוצת חולים זו טופלו בתרופות להפחתת רמת הסוכר בדם ו/או בתרופות להורדת לחץ-הדם ו/או בתרופות בעלות השפעה ישירה על מערכת העצבים המרכזית. חלק נכבד מהנפילות אירעו לחולים שטונוס השרירים היה מופחת (72%), שלקו בשיתוק (58%) או בירידה בתחושה השטחית (52%) בגף התחתון שבפלג הגוף הפגוע. 67% מן הנפילות התרחשו אצל גברים ו-53% מתוכם היו מבוגרים שגילם היה גבוה מ-65 שנים. 47% מן הנפילות אירעו במהלך החודש הראשון שלאחר האירוע הווסקולארי במוח ו-36% מהן - במהלך החודש השני. 78% מן החולים נפלו בשעות היום. 64% מן החולים נפלו בחדרם. הפרעות בתקשורת המילולית (28%), בעיות בתפיסת המרחב (25%) ופלג-עיוורון (Hemianopia) (24%), אותרו אף הם כגורמי סיכון לנפילות של החולים הנסקרים.

מסקנות: חולים, נפגעי אירוע וסקולארי במוח, מועדים לנפילות תוך כדי אישפוזם במחלקת השיקום. זיהוי גורמי הסיכון מהווה צעד ראשון לנקיטת אמצעים למניעתן.

עצמון צור 

יח' השיקום, ביה"ח לגליל המערבי, נהריה

בתקופה של 12 חודשים, שוחררו 136 מטופלים מיחידת השיקום שבביה"ח בנהריה, למסגרת הקהילה. 71 חולים קיבלו טיפול שיקומי לאחר האירוע המוחי הראשון, ו-25 נוספים לאחר אירוע מוחי נישנה: 13 טופלו לאחר שעברו ניתוח לתיקון שבר בצוואר-הירך: 15 לאחר ניתוח לקטיעת רגל מתחת לברך, ו-1 לאחר ניתוח לקטיעת רגל מעל לברך, 11 מטופלים נוספים אושפזו ביחידת השיקום בגלל מחלות אחרות. המטופלים שסיימו את הליך השיקום הוגדרו כבעלי כושר ניידות אם יכלו לצעוד בחופשיות או בסיוע כלי-עזר למרחק של 5 מטר למיצער, בתוך מחלקת האישפוז או במכון הפיזיותרפיה. אלו שלא היו מסוגלים לצעוד כלל או להשלים אותו מרחק, הליך השיקום לגביהם הסתכם בכישלון.

9 חולים בלבד נותרו במועד השיחרור מביה"ח, רתוקים לעגלת-הנכים (6 אחרי אירוע ואסקולרי-מוחי, 1 אחרי שבר בצוואר-הירך ו-2 קטועי רגל). 6 החולים שלקו באירוע המוחי לא היו מסוגלים לשאת את משקל גופם על הרגל המשותקת בגין טונוס שרירים ירוד, אף לא בסיוע אביזר עזר. החולה שנותח לשם תיקון שבר בצוואר-הירך ונותר מרותק לעגלת-הנכים לקה בהמיפלגיה, בשבר ישן בצוואר-הירך הנגדי ובמחלת פרקינסון. מבין שני קטועי הרגל שאיבדו את כושר הניידות, חולה אחת סירבה להשקיע בטיפול השיקומי, וחולה אחר לקה בעבר בשלושה אירועים ואסקולריים-מוחיים, שבעטיים אובחנו אצלו בעיות מוטוריות וקוגניטיביות קשות שהשפיעו לרעה על הליך השיקום.

Diagnosis and Therapy in Acute Stroke: A Rehabilitation Center Viewpoint

M. Motin, J. Streifler, A. Tsur, H. Ring

Neurological Rehabilitation Dept., Loewenstein Rehabilitation Center, Ra'anana; Neurological Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv

The extent of the diagnostic work-up of patients with acute stroke was evaluated in 101 patients admitted for rehabilitation during a 4-month period in 1997. This included specific blood tests and neuro- and cardiac imaging, and compared the extent of work-up in a community hospital versus a rehabilitation center. Comparisons were also made with similar investigations 10 and 20 years earlier.

Results demonstrated that the trend to admit younger stroke patients (<50 years) to neurological (as opposed to medical) departments observed between 1977-1987 persisted in 1997.

The use of CT scan increased dramatically from 1977 to 1987 (19% vs 78%), and in 1997 was actually 100% The use of carotid duplex and echocardiography increased steadily during the 3 decades reaching 26% and 28% respectively. Tests for thrombophilia were seldom done. However, in neurological departments it was done in about 50% of the younger stroke patients. In neurology departments carotid duplex was done 2 to 3 times more often than in medical departments.

During rehabilitation imaging tests were done once or more in almost half the patients. The results and those of additional blood tests, have led to modification of antithrombotic treatment in 14% of the younger group and 4% of the older group.

We have clearly shown that while stroke work-up has become more comprehensive in recent years, there is still much to do in this field. Stroke units or teams in our general hospitals will increase stroke awareness, improve work-up and hasten definitive treatment.
 

Spontaneous Bilateral Ectopic Pregnancy 

David Rabinerson, B. Kaplan, Zion Ben Rafael, Arie Dekel

Dept. of Gynecology, Beilinson Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Bilateral, spontaneous ectopic pregnancy is rare (1 in 125-1580 ectopic pregnancies). We describe a 30-year-old, unmarried woman with no predisposing factors for ectopic pregnancy who presented in hypovolemic shock, in the 7th week of gestation, complaining of abdominal pain. On immediate laparoscopy there were found blood and clots in the abdominal cavity, a left ampullar pregnancy (5 cm in diameter), and there was active bleeding from the fimbria of the right tube. Bilateral salpingectomy was performed and she received 3 units of packed red cells. She was discharged in good condition 3 days later. The pathologic diagnosis was pregnancy in each tube. This case emphasizes the need for thorough sonographic and laparoscopic observation in order not to miss the presence of bilateral ectopic pregnancy.

Multiple Organ Damage due to Cholesterol Embolization

Ido Wolf, Meir Mouallem

Dept. of Medicine E, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Cholesterol crystal embolization can affect multiple organ systems and mimic other systemic diseases. We describe a 65-year-old woman who had renal failure, diarrhea, transient ischemic attacks and purple toes due to spontaneous cholesterol crystal embolization.

The Israel Teratogen Information Service: A 10-Year Report 

A. Ornoy, S. Shechtman, J. Arnon

Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School and Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem

The Israel Teratogen Information Service (TIS) was established 10 years ago with the help of the Ministry of Health and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School. During these 10 years we have had 20,631 calls. We describe the results of our experience in counseling.

There was a gradual increase in the number of calls, which in 1997 reached 4,447. Most calls (84.5%) were during pregnancy, while 12% were prior to pregnancy. In 75.7% the calls were due to drug exposure during pregnancy; 10.9% were due to exposure to X-rays; there was maternal infection in 6.6% and in 5% immunization during pregnancy. The callers were: physicians in 46.6%, nurses 18.9%, pregnant women 39.5%, and 4.8% others.

In 76.6% there was no additional risk to the embryo or fetus and in 17.4% there was a small additional risk of less than 1%; a significant additional risk to the fetus was expected in only 6%. In 3625 pregnant women with known outcome there were 8.9% spontaneous and 9.2% induced abortions. Of the 2968 live-born children, 2.3% were malformed, a rate similar to that among controls.

The information provided by the TIS alleviated the fears most pregnant women have, and reduced unnecessary terminations of pregnancy planned because of unjustified fear of the teratogenic effects of agents to which women were exposed. It reduced the number of children born with congenital anomalies, since pregnancies were interrupted whenever there was a high risk for congenital anomalies.

Thoracoscopic Surgery for Spon-Taneous Pneumothorax

H.R. Freund, O. Zamir, Y. Shifman, N. Beglaibter, Y. Haskel

Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem

We report our initial experience with thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in 14 patients, mean age 30.7 years. 7 were operated following 2 episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax, 6 after their first episode, and 1 after multiple episodes.

All underwent bleb resection, pleurodesis and tube thoracostomy; in 1 we converted to a limited thoracotomy (93% success rate). Only oral analgesia was required for postoperative pain control and patients were discharged 2.6 days after surgery, on average.

The apparent superiority of thoracoscopic over conventional, even limited, thoracotomy seems to justify such therapy even during the first episode.

Spontaneous Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis Complicating Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Nir Hilzenrat, Edit Liberty, Luna Avnon

Depts. of Medicine B and E, and Pulmonary Disease Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Spontaneous internal jugular thrombosis is a rare vascular disorder. It usually occurs as a result of external pressure due to a tumor, infection or as a result of damage to the vessel wall after trauma or central venous catheterization. We report a 35-year-old woman who suffered from severe pulmonary hypertension due to chronic cystic lung disease. She was admitted due to sudden, severe, right-sided neck pain. Internal jugular occlusion by a thrombus was demonstrated by ultrasound and CT-scans but no apparent cause was found. We postulated that the important factors in the development of her thrombosis were stasis due to pulmonary hypertension and high blood viscosity.

Islet Autoantibody Assays in Type I Diabetes can Replace ICA Test

Daniel Lazar, Naomi Weintrob, Natalia Abramov, Sara Assa, Konstantin Bloch, Regina Ofan, Hadassa Ben-Zaken, Pnina Vardi

Institute for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University

Islet cell antibodies (ICA) continue to serve as the basis of the principal serological test for definition of active autoimmunity of beta-cells. Its disadvantages are the need for human pancreatic tissue and difficulty in obtaining quantitative results. In the past decade biochemically-defined beta-cell antigens were described, leading to the development of sensitive and specific autoantibody assays, to predict insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We examined the value of combined biochemically-based serological assays, such as autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and ICA512 (ICA512A) to replace the traditional ICA assay.

Blood samples of 114 newly diagnosed IDDM patients, aged 12‏5 yrs (range 2 months - 29 years) were tested for ICA (indirect immunofluorescence), IAA, GADA and ICA512A (radiobinding assay). The latter 2 assays were performed using recombinant human [35S]-labeled antigen produced by in vitro transcription/translation. We found that fewer sera scored positive for ICA and/or IAA (80.7%, 92/114) than for 1 or more of IAA, GAD, or ICA512 (88.6%, 101/114). We conclude that combined testing for IAA, GAD and ICA512 can replace the traditional ICA/IAA test to predict IDDM and is helpful in the differential diagnosis of insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes.

Limited Axillary Thoracotomy for Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax

I. Bar, M. Simha, A. Nissan, Y. Shargal, M. Kramer, G. Merin

Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery and of Surgery, and Pulmonary Institute, Hadassah--University Hospital, Ein Karem; and Dept. of Surgery, Hadassah--University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem

Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax often requires surgical intervention. Recently, less invasive thoracic surgical techniques, such as video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT) and limited axillary thoracotomy (LAT), have been developed and used for different thoracic procedures. We describe our results with limited axillary thoracotomy, as compared with those of video-assisted thoracoscopy as reported in the literature. From October 1994 to May 1996, 14 patients with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, aged 16-33 years, underwent limited axillary thoracotomy, resection of blebs and apical pleurectomy, using multifire GIA 80 staplers (Auto Suture Inc.). There were no complications or recurrences during 5-17 months of follow-up. Mean operative time was 52.2 minutes and mean hospital stay 2.3 days postoperatively. Full activity was regained within 12.1 days. In comparison with over 75 cases of VAT from the literature, LAT is safe and offers the potential benefits of decreased operative time, hospital stay and cost.

Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment in a Basketball Player

Atzmon Tsur, Radi Shahin

Rehabilitation Unit and Dept. of Neurology, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya

A basketball player was shown to have a suprascapular nerve lesion without any history of shoulder girdle trauma. This acute neuropathy, never previously described in basketball players, is a result of repeated micro-trauma, due to nerve traction over the coracoid notch during violent movement ("dunking" most probably). Clinically, he was unable to abduct his arm and had some difficulty in external rotation. He developed atrophy in both the supra- and the infraspinatus muscles. Nerve conduction latency to the supraspinatus muscle was 8.0 ms, and to the infraspinatus, 8.5 ms. The compound muscle action potential registered in the supraspinatus was 1.224 mV, and in the infraspinatus, 1.237 mV. After 3 weeks of inactivity, recovery was spontaneous and practically complete.