תוצאת חיפוש

אמיר פאר¹, דרור רובינסון^2,, יגאל מירובסקי³

¹היח' לרדיולוגיה פולשנית, ²השירות לאורתופדיה-אונקולוגיה, ³היח' לניתוחי עמוד-השידרה, מרכז רפואי אסף-הרופא, צריפין

היחלשות חוזקה של חוליה עקב ירידה בצפיפות העצם או פלישת גרורות, עלולה לגרום להתהוות שבר חולני של החוליה הנגועה. זוהי סיבה נפוצה לכאבי-גב באוכלוסייה המבוגרת. למרות שלעיתים קרובות חל שיפור בכאבים הנובעים מגרורות לאחר טיפול בקרינה, ממשיכים חלק מהמטופלים לסבול מכאבים הנובעים מחוסר-יציבות מכאנית של החוליות השבורות. במצבים של נטילת סידן, נמשכים לעיתים הכאבים זמן רב לאחר ריפוי השבר, הן עקב עיוות של עמוד-השידרה והן עקב חוסר חיבור של רסיסי עצם הגורמים לאי-יציבות מכאנית.

לאחרונה פותחה שיטה לקיבוע פנימי של שברי חוליות על רקע מחלת עצם, על ידי הזרקה מילעורית של דבק אקרילי. הדבר מעלה את הכוח המכאני של החוליה ומאחה את רסיסי העצם השבורים. במהלך שנת 2000 טופלו במסגרת בית-החולים אסף-הרופא 12 חולים בשיטה זו באמצעות מערכת הזרקה ייחודית. בכל החולים לא נמצאה עדות לקיפוח עצבי, ולא הודגמה בבדיקה טומוגרפית מחשבית קדם ניתוחית פריצת הקליפה האחורית של גוף החוליה. החומר הוזרק לתוך 17 חוליות בעמוד-השידרה של הגב והמותן. בכל החולים חלה לאחר ההזרקה ירידה בתחושת הכאב. ניצפו שני סיבוכים: חולה אחד סבל מכאבי-ראש שנמשכו 3 ימים לאחר ההזרקה ובחולה אחד זלג דבק אקרילי לתוך תעלת-השידרה. בשני החולים לא היה צורך בהתערבות פעילה, מאחר שחל שיפור עצמוני במצבם. ורטברופלסטיה מצטיירת בשלב זה כשיטה מבטיחה לטיפול פשוט וחודרני במידה מיקטית (minimal) בבני-אדם עם שבר על רקע מחלת עצם ובהיעדר קיפוח עצבי, המהווה הורית-נגד לביצוע פעולה זו.

אשר אור-נוי

נגיף הציטומגלו ( CMV–cytomegalo virus), שהוא נגיף דנ"א השייך לקבוצת נגיפי השלבקת (herpes viruses), גורם רק לעתים רחוקות למחלה קלינית בבני-אדם. קיימים מספר זנים (strains) של הנגיף המדביקים בני אדם. נגיפים מקבוצת השלבקת מתאפיינים בהישארותם הממושכת בגוף ובאפשרותם לעבור שיפעול (reactivation) בגוף. לכן הדבקה בנגיף זה, השכיחה הן בילדות והן בבגרות, לרוב אינה גורמת לסימנים קליניים אופייניים. ברוב המקרים ההדבקה היא אי-תסמינית מבלי שהחולה מודע לכך. לעתים רחוקות גורמת הדבקה ראשונית לסימנים קליניים המתבטאים בעלייה בחום הגוף, בשריעות קישריות-הלימפה, הטחול והכבד, ולעתים בצהבת ובתיפרחת.

כאשר אדם נדבק בנגיף, הוא מפריש אותו בהפרשות הגוף, בעיקר ברוק ובשתן. ההפרשה ברוק יכולה להימשך תקופה ממושכת לאחר ההדבקה. הנגיף עובר בחלב אם ועלול לגרום באופן זה להדבקת התינוק היונק. גהות (hygine) אישית טובה באדם המבוגר יכולה להקטין את הסיכון להדבקה.

Histoacryl Vs Dermabond Cyano- Acrylate Glue for Closing Small Operative Wounds

Zvi Steiner, Jorge Mogilner

Dept. of Pediatric Surgery, Bnai-Zion Medical Center and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

Acrylate glues used in a childrens' day care unit to close small surgical wounds were compared. In 157 children, aged 12 weeks to 3.7 years, either Histoacryl or Dermabond was used (respectively, H: Ethicon Inc., Johnson & Johnson, NJ or D: Dermabond, Braun Surgical Gmbh, Melsungen, Germany). Operations were for inguinal hernia (110 cases), hydrocele (25), undescended testis (16), umbilical hernia (13) and funiculocele (3).

1 week after surgery the wounds were evaluated in terms of integrity of closure, redness or infection, need for antibiotics, wound granuloma, and parental satisfaction with instructions and actual method of wound caring. 3 months after surgery the wound/scar was reexamined.

The margins of the wounds were separated partially or completely in 8 of 85 in group H (9.4%) while in the D group, 2 wounds (2.4%) had partially opened (p<0.05). There were no differences between the glues with regard to wound infection or cosmetic results. Parental satisfaction was higher with D (96%) than H (82%) but the difference was not statistically significant.

It is convenient to use glue to close operative wounds in children after ambulatory surgery. The use of D significantly reduced wound ruptures compared to H. Long-term cosmetic results were similar.

Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients 

Nir Hilzenrat, Marcus Mostoslavsky, David Tovbin

Liver Disease Service - Division of Gastroenterology, Dialysis Unit, Dept. of Nephrology and Division of Internal Medicine, Soroka Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Acquired infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis patients has been described lately. In dialysis units in Italy and France, the prevalence and incidence of HCV are 20-60% and 1-2%, respectively. Most infected patients develop chronic hepatitis. The clinical presentation of acute HCV in hemodialysis patients is very mild and therefore the diagnosis is often made only by laboratory tests. Acute infection is usually followed by mild elevation of liver enzymes and the presence of HCV-RNA and anti-HCV in serum.

We report a 48-year-old man on hemodialysis who developed acute hepatitis C. The diagnosis was made by finding mild elevation of liver enzymes and the presence of HCV-RNA in his serum. A few months later, he developed severe hepatitis which was followed by rapid deterioration in liver function. However, the virus was eradicated and liver function tests became normal. Surprisingly, serum anti-HCV antibodies were detected 5 months later.

Interactive Effects of Perinatal Co-Infection with Hepatitis B and HIV Viruses

Galia Soen-Grisaru, Asher Barzilai

Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

We report the case study of a 1-year-old girl who was perinatally infected with both hepatitis B (HBV) and HIV viruses. The clinical presentation and treatment are described. We examined the interaction between the 2 viruses and the possible effects of the interaction on the development of each virus and on treatment. Our findings demonstrate that combined HIV and HBV infections intensified deterioration, as the HBV liver disease aggravated the HIV infection. The medication of choice was Lamivudine, since it prevents the transcription of both viruses.

Laparoscopic Treatment of Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Adhesions

S. Kyzer, Y. Aloni, I. Charuzi

Surgery Unit B, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

We describe our experience in 14 patients operated on for small bowel obstruction, who underwent laparoscopic adhesiolysis. In 13 (93%) the obstruction was relieved and only 1 case required conversion to open operation. Bowel activity usually resumed within 24-48 hours, and there were no remarkable intraoperative and postoperative complications. During follow-up none developed recurrent obstruction.

Our experience demonstrates that laparoscopic adhesiolysis is a valid therapeutic option. Additional experience is needed to determine which types of cases are suitable for the procedure.

Pelvic Floor Exercise and Biofeedback in Genuine Stress Incontinence

D. Gordon, D. Luxman, Y. Sarig, A. Groutz

Women and Children's Division, Liss Hospital, Sourasky-Tel Aviv Municipal Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Stress urinary incontinence is a medical and social problem. In the past decade there has been increased awareness of this condition and the number of those affected who seek help is increasing. Treatment is usually surgical - elevation of the bladder neck. Pelvic floor exercise is an accepted conservative treatment modality used for mild to moderate cases that have not yet completed their families.

We present our results in 30 women, aged 28-71 years, av. 49% with genuine stress incontinence treated with pelvic floor exercise and biofeedback. 14 patients (46.7%) were completely cured and 15 (50%) were improved. In only 1 was there no improvement.

Our results show significant improvement in the duration and intensity of pelvic floor contractions after treatment. Pelvic floor exercise with biofeedback is a very important treatment modality, requiring a highly motivated patient and a physiotherapist specialized in pelvic floor exercise.

Gastrografin for Mechanical Partial, Small Bowel Obstruction due to Adhesions

A. Assalia, D. Kopelman, H. Bahous, Y. Klein, M. Hashmonai

Dept. of Surgery B, Rambam Medical Center and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa

The therapeutic effect of astrografin is occasionally mentioned in the literature. However, this effect has not been objectively evaluated. We studied prospectively the effect of Gastrografin in cases of adhesive, simple, partial, small bowel obstruction (SBO) compared to conventional management. During 3 years, a total of 137 episodes of simple, partial SBO in 127 patients (10 recurrent episodes) were treated. The episodes were randomized into a control group(80 episodes) treated conventionally, and a trial group (77 episodes), which received in addition 100 ml of Gastrografin administered through the nasogastric tube. The two groups were well-matched with regard to age, gender, weight, medical and surgical background and duration of complaints before admission. Time to first stool and resolution of obstruction, complications, need for surgery, and hospital stay were noted. Mean time to first stool was significantly shorter in the trial group: 6.2±3.9 hours vs 23.5±12.7 (p<.0001). Mean hospital stay for unoperated patients was also shorter in the trial group: 2.7±2 days vs 5.5±2 days, (p<.0001). In addition, significantly fewer episodes in the trial group required operation, 10.4 vs 26.7% (p<0.013). 1 patient in each group died following operation. There were no Gastrografin-related complications and it was effective and safe for adhesive, partial, simple SBO. It significantly speeds resolution of obstruction, reduces the need for operation, and shortens convalescence.

Evidence For Casual Household Transmission Of Hiv: Review And Analysis

Micha Razel

School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan

All reported case-studies in which the author-described route of infection was deemed to be casual household contact were reviewed and analyzed, as well as all sample-based studies designed to estimate the frequency of casual household transmission. Several recurring biased mechanisms of interpretation were found in the studies, the use of which made it impossible to obtain evidence for casual household transmission. After correcting for these interpretations 8 documented cases of casual household transmission were found. Analysis of the sample-based studies indicated 10 cases of casual household transmission, which occurs at a risk of 0.4% per year of contact (95% confidence interval: 0.20 to 0.66).