אילן ליבוביץ(1), דורון זמיר(1), איליה פוליצוק(1), אסתר כהנא(2)

(1)המח' לרפואה פנימית ד', (2)המח' לנירולוגיה, המרכז הרפואי אשקלון והפקולטה לרפואה, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב

בשנת 1996 נתגלה סוג חדש של מחלת יעקב-קרויצפלד הגורם לאנצפלופתיה, כיום ידוע על חמישה סוגים של ספגות-מוח (human transmissible sponiform encephalopathies) המועברות לבני-אדם – כולן על-ידי פריון. הפריון (prion) הוא חלבון טהור, קטן אף מנגיף, הנגזר מגליקופרוטאין רגיל המצוי בדופן של תאי-אדם. תפקידו של חלבון זה אינו ברור, אך נראה כי הוא קשור בהחדרת נחושת לסופראוקסיד-דיסמוטאזה. מחלת יעקב-קרויצפלד גורמת לשיטיון (dementia) בטרם עת בשל אובדן תאי מוח, הצטברות עמילואיד וניוון ספוגי של המוח.

במאמר זה נדונה האפידמיולוגיה של מחלת יעקב-קרויצפלד לסוגיה השונים, וכן אופן איבחונה והטיפול הניסיוני בה. תוחלת-החיים העולה תגרום בוודאי לעלייה בשכיחותן של מחלות אלו, ותשפיע בעשורים הקרובים על כלכלת המדינות המפותחות והמתפתחות. טיפול בעתיד יתמקד במניעת היווצרותם של הפריונים ובהוצאת פריונים תוך-תאיים.

אילן ליבוביץ, איליה פוליצ'וק, טטיאנה רייטבלט, דוד גיאורגיו ודורון זמיר

מובאת בזה פרשת חולה, שאובחנה כלוקה במורסה של הטחול והחלימה לכאורה בעקבות טיפול אנטיביוטי. בשל היעדר סיבה ברורה או גורמי סיכון למורסה, בוצע צילום לאחר חוקן באריום שחשף שאת של הכרכשת באזור כפף הטחול, שלא הודגמה בבדיקת טומוגרפיה מחשבית ובבדיקת על-שמע של הבטן.

בחולים הלוקים במורסה של הטחול מסיבה לא ברורה, מן הצורך לשלול שאת של הכרכשת, ולשם כך נדרשת בדיקת דימות או בדיקה אנדוסקופית של הכרכשת.

Myocardial Infarction Due to Cocaine

Doron Zamir, Ilan Leibovitz, Ilia Polychuck, Tetiana Reitblat

Department of Medicine D, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon

Cocaine is a common drug. Myocardial infarcts and brain infarcts related to the use of cocaine were previously reported in the medical literature. We report a 34 year old patient admitted for severe chest pain, a few minutes after cocaine use. He was found to have an acute myocardial infarction with significant left ventricle dysfunction. Coronarography conducted a few days later was found to be normal. Cocaine use may cause acute myocardial infarction in young and healthy people with no other risk factors.

Surgical Repair of Myxomatous Mitral Valve

D. Bitran, O. Merin, I. Dzigivker, D.Rosenmann, S. Od-allah, S. Silberman

Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery and of Anesthesiology and Cardiology; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

Myxomatous mitral valve disease is now the most common cause of mitral regurgitation in the western world. Repair of the leaking valve has become standard surgical procedure during the past 2 decades. Between 1993-1999 we performed 113 repairs of the mitral valve. In 25 patients the etiology was myxomatous degeneration (no mortality). Long-term clinical results depend on patients' functional class at surgery. Based on this fact, and the good surgical results, it is recommended to refer such patients even with severe mitral incompetence for surgery at an early stage, even if symptoms are minimal.

Transarterial Oil Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma 

Izhar Levy, Anthony Verstandig, Talia Sasson, Dana Wolf, Ilia Krichon, Eugin Libson, Pinchas Levensart, Orit Papo, Oded Yurim, Ahmed Id, Daniel Shouval

Division of Medicine, Liver Unit and Invasive Radiology, Radiology, Pathology and Surgery Depts., Hadassah University Hospital, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with a grave prognosis. Most patients have both the malignant tumor as well as hepatic cirrhosis. Liver transplantation or hepatectomy are considered the only curative procedures, but can be applied in fewer than 10% of patients. In recent decades the most common treatments of HCC are transarterial chemoembolization with oil (TOCE) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). We summarize our retrospective study of 100 patients (mean age 64) 3‏ treated by TE.

In 271 procedures between 1989-1998, in 16 patients hepatectomy was combined with TOCE and in 8 PEI was combined with TOCE, while the rest were treated by TOCE alone. Tumor mass was reduced in 36% of those treated by TOCE (tumor volume reduced 24-75%). Alpha-feto protein (AFP) was reduced 25-90% in 20/32 of those with elevated AFP levels. Median survival for the 100 in the entire group was 19 months (10.9 months in those with conservative treatment). Median survival in the 57 in Okuda stage 1 and the 43 in stages 2 or 3 was 30.1 months and 10.9 months, respectively (p<0.0001). Of the 57 in stage 1, 16 underwent hepatectomy in addition to TOCE and 41 were treated only by TOCE (median survival 15 and 26 months, respectively, p not significant).

Comparing Okuda 1 patients treated by TOCE only with the natural history of the disease and historical controls (Okuda 1 patients treated conservatively in 1984) median survival was 26 and 10 months respectively (p<0.001). The side effects of TOCE were relatively mild. There was 1 fatality (3 days after treatment), and quality of life was maintained. Despite progress in the treatment of HCC by TOCE, PEI, and liver transplantation, long-term survival has remained unsatisfactory.

Laparoscopic Repair of Inguinal Hernia Experience in 54 Consecutive Cases

S. Kyzer, I. Kristalni, M. Alis, I. Charuzi

Surgical Dept. B, Wolfson Medcial Center, Holon

We describe our experience in 54 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic repair of 86 inguinal hernias. Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia is technically feasible, does not prolong the length of the procedure nor of hospitalization and is not accompanied by increased morbidity. Although there is not yet general agreement, in our experience and that of others, it appears that laparoscopic repair will be the preferred approach to the treatment of inguinal hernia.

Left Atrial Ball Thrombus

Carlos Cafri, Reuben Ilia, Benjamin Goldfarb

Cardiological Services, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

An 80-year-old hypertensive woman with chronic atrial fibrillation was hospitalized because of recurrent syncope. Echocardiography revealed a large left atrial ball thrombus. Operative findings confirmed the echocardiographic diagnosis.

Angina Pectoris and the Severity of Coronary Artery Stenosis

Reuben Ilia, Sara Carmel, Carlos Cafri, Moshe Gueron

Dept. of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Center, and Dept. of the Sociology of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

The relationship between angina pectoris and the severity of coronary artery disease was evaluated in 146 patients with normal segmental and global, left ventricular, systolic performance. None had unstable angina or a previous myocardial infarction. A strong relationship was found between angina and the severity of coronary artery disease (p<0.005). Significant, stable, angina pectoris as a clinical symptom indicated advanced coronary artery disease in this selected group of patients.