תוצאת חיפוש

מאמר זה מציג את תוכנית "חזק יותר מעצמך", שפותחה במערך הרפואה המשולבת במחלקה האונקולוגית במרכז שניידר לרפואת ילדים, במטרה לשפר את ההתמודדות עם קושי רגשי־התנהגותי בנטילת תרופות בטיפול הרפואי בקרב ילדים אונקולוגיים — ובעיקר בנטילת תרופות בדרך פומית.

מובאת במאמרנו פרשת חולה, ילדה בת 7.5 שנים, עם ליקמיה לימפובלסטית חריפה (acute lymphoblactic leukemia –ALL), אשר הביעה התנגדות מתמשכת לנטילת התרופות, לצד קושי בשיתוף פעולה עם הצוות. מצבה דרש התערבות ייחודית כדי לאפשר את המשך הטיפול הרפואי החיוני.

תוכנית "חזק יותר מעצמך" משלבת עקרונות של העצמת הילד וחיזוק תחושת השליטה, ליווי והדרכת ההורים, ויישום כלי גוף־נפש שונים, כגון מגע, תנועה, דמיון מודרך ומיינדפולנס. באמצעות התערבות מותאמת אישית, ניתן היה להפחית את רמת החרדה וההתנגדות, ולהשיג שיפור משמעותי בשיתוף הפעולה עם הצוות ובהיענות לנטילת התרופות.

מאז הושקה התוכנית בשנת 2017, השתתפו בה למעלה מ־200 ילדים, אשר רובם המכריע הגיעו לנטילה עצמאית וסדירה של תרופות לאורך זמן. המודל זכה להכרה מקצועית והוצג בכנסים בארץ ובעולם.

פרשת חולה זו ממחישה את הפוטנציאל של התערבות משולבת וממוקדת לשיפור ההיענות לטיפול התרופתי, להפחתת מצוקה רגשית ולחיזוק תחושת המסוגלות של הילד והמשפחה. לצד ההצלחות הקליניות, קיים צורך במחקרים נוספים לביסוס המודל ולהרחבתו למסגרות טיפוליות נוספות.

אורי גבעון

מודיעין

כנס ה-EMCPDM (Eastern Mediterranean Cerebral Palsy and Develomental Medicine) התקיים באיסטנבול, טורקיה, בין התאריכים 15-17 באפריל 2002.

המטרות בכנס, שאורגן על-ידי נציגים למספר מדינות, כולל טורקיה, ארמניה, לבנון, ישראל והרשות הפלסטינית, היו ליצור שפה משותפת בין רופאים לבעלי מקצועות אחרים המטפלים בילדים נכים במזרח-התיכון, לקיים קורס מקיף בטיפול בילדים נכים, לדון בבעיות ייחודיות לאזור ולהציע פתרונות מתאימים לתנאים הסביבתיים והחברתיים שלו.

יעקב גניזי, דן מירון, ראול קולודנר, דימיטרי לומלסקי, סרגיי ביקוב ויוסף הורוביץ

מובאת בזה פרשת ילדה בת שנתיים וחצי שהתקבלה עקב צליעה על רגל ימין וחום שהופיע יומיים לאחר פגיעה ברגל זו. בסריקת עצמות הודגמו קליטה מוגברת במיפרק הצולב-כסל מימין, ובטומוגרפיה מחשבית של האגן הודגמה דלקת בעצמות מיפרק הצולב-כסל מימין. בתרבית-דם צמח החיידק Salmonella virchow. החולה טופלה באנטיביוטיקה במתן לתוך-הווריד במשך חמישה שבועות והחלימה. זיהום מיפרק הצולב-כסל מסלמונלה הוא נדיר; בארבעים השנים האחרונות דווח בספרות הרפואית הלועזית על 7 פרשות חולים בלבד שלקו בזיהום זה – כולם מעל גיל 13 שנה.

בנוסף לפרשת החולה, מובאת במאמר זה סקירת הספרות הרפואית בנושא, שנדונים בה האיבחון, הפתופיסיולוגיה, הטיפול והפרוגנוזה של ילדים הלוקים בזיהום נדיר זה.

Evaluation of Asthmatic Children Presenting at Emergency Rooms

Haim Bibi, Elena Shoychet, David Shoseyov, Michael Armoni, Emil Chai, Dorit Ater

Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic and Pediatric Dept., Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon; Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem; Emergency Room, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon; and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Bronchial asthma in the pediatric age group has become prevalent recently. Many children who suffer from asthma arrive at the emergency room (ER) with exacerbations which did not respond to medical treatment at home.

Between July and December 1997, 136 children 8 months to 14 years of age (61% below 3 years), were studied in our pediatric ER. Investigation included physical examination and pulse oximetry, which were used as guidelines for scoring the children on arrival and post-treatment. Spirometry was done in those who could cooperate. For each patient a detailed questionnaire about medical and sociodemographic factors was filled.

Primary pediatricians used mainly beta-agonist and corticosteroid inhalators, while pediatric pulmonologists used mainly inhaled steroids. There was no relationship between severity of attack on arrival at the ER, mode of treatment and speed of recovery in the ER. More children treated by a general pediatrician more were admitted to hospital. Low parental education and paternal smoking were risk factors for recurrent hospital admissions.

Our results indicate that parents must be educated to stop smoking, especially those with asthmatic children, and primary pediatricians should be updated with regard to proper treatment and follow-up of asthma.

Influence of Warning Labels on Medicines and Physicians' Orders on Patient Behavior

Yehuda Limony, Pesah Shwarzman

Child Health Center of Kupat Holim Klalit, Kiryat Gat and Dept. of Family Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Compliance of 40 mothers with a warning label, "for external use," on a medicine package was checked in a survey in a primary care clinic for children. We also checked parents' attitudes to giving a medicine to their child when instructions given by the physician or by a friend contradicted the printed warning on the label. All mothers who were told that the medicine was recommended by their physicians accepted the recommendation without hesitation. Another group included 20 mothers who were told that the medicine was recommended by a friend. 9 of 20 mothers in this group refused to use the medicine. Talking with the nurse about the potential risk of medicine in general, some mothers, after second thought, refused to give the medicine to their child. At the end, 65% of recommendations made by a friend were rejected by mothers as compared to only 15% of the physicians' recommendations.

35 of 40 mothers (87%) understood the meaning of the warning label, but only 13 (32%) had noticed it at all. We conclude that patients may accept their physicians' recommendation to use a medicine despite a contradictory warning label much more readily than when it was recommended by a friend. Therefore, any intervention program intended to promote a more cautious use of medicines should include not only the explanations of the various warning labels but should also promote a change in the patient's behavior to a more active search for warning labels.

Aphthous Stomatitis as a First Manifestation of Crohn's Disease in a Child

Y. Gold, S. Reif

Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center

The incidence of Crohn's disease has risen dramatically over the past few years. The peak age of onset is in late adolescence, but it rarely occurs in the first few years of life. We describe a 5-year-old boy with recurrent bouts of fever, aphthous stomatitis, and anemia which did not respond to routine antibiotic therapy. It was only after a few months, when the characteristic symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): abdominal pain and diarrhea appeared, that the diagnosis of Crohn's disease was made.

This case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing IBD in young children. The presenting symptoms of IBD in children are often nonspecific and extra-intestinal. There is usually a low index of suspicion by the physician as to the possibility of IBD in a young child.

Art Therapy for Hospitalized Children (Inspired by Elizabeth Kuebler-Ross's Approach)

Edna Pinchover*

Pediatric Wards School, Hadassah Hospital (Ein Karem and Mt. Scopus), Jerusalem

This paper presents a combined strategy for coping with the emotional condition of hospitalized children, and reports the results of its implementation in pediatric wards. The strategy combines art therapy methods with the spiritual-psychological approach developed by Elizabeth Kuebler-Ross. Art therapy uses art for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes; in this study it was employed to encourage the child-patients to express their feelings, and lead them to processes of understanding of and adjustment to their conditions. Kuebler-Ross' methods, known for dealing with difficult emotional situations at the bedside of the seriously ill, were enlisted to build a relationship of trust and respect between patient and therapist.

The population dealt with consisted of children (age 3-13) injured in road accidents, and cardiac and oncological cases. 7 case studies are brought to demonstrate the integrated therapeutic process. The process starts from the child-patient's artwork, which allows the therapist better insight into emotional conditions and to relate closely to issues brought up by the work. Through conversation with the therapist in an atmosphere of empathy and honest consideration, the patient becomes aware of her/his reactions, behavior, intentions and ambitions.

The belief underlying this study is that the patient derives from these contacts new abilities which moderate anxieties and strengthen healthy energies. Better collaboration and sounder ways of coping with intrusive medical treatment, as well as more trust and hope seem to emerge from the relationships created by these contacts.

* Principal of School.

Reporting Maternal Behavior during Diarrhea in Bedouin Children

Natalya Bilenko, Amalia Levy, Drora Fraser

Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation Unit, S. D. Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Diarrhea is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. The Bedouin population of southern Israel is in transition from a nomadic to a settled life-style. We examined maternal knowledge and reported behavior when their children had diarrhea. Mothers defined diarrhea as the passing of 4-5 stools per day. The most frequent signs of the illness were an increased number of watery stools with changes in either color or form. The most frequent symptom that prompted mothers to seek medical aid was blood in the stool. All mothers reported increasing fluid intake in their children during diarrhea, and most reported giving herbal tea. About half of the women avoided milk products and used special for the treatment of diarrhea. A quarter of the women reported stopping or decreasing the frequency of breast feeding during diarrhea. Reported cessation of breast feeding during diarrhea was associated with changing to special foods, and failure to note the onset of diarrhea or to recognize signs of dehydration. The withdrawal of breast feeding during episodes of illness and diarrhea is related to lack of knowledge regarding diarrhea. These data indicate that even in this population, with free access to preventive and curative medical care, there should be greater efforts to educate mothers to detect diarrheal disease and to maintain breast feeding during the diarrhea.