תוצאת חיפוש

אלינה וייסמן-ברנר, ברוך ברנר, ליאור כ"ץ ואריאל הורביץ

רעלן הריצין, המופק מזרעי צמח הקיקיון, הוא אחד הרעלנים הצמחיים הרעילים ביותר בעולם. הרעלן מורכב משתי שרשרות רב-פפטידים הקשורות בקשר גופריתי כפול. מנגנון ההרעלה מבוסס על עיכוב בלתי-הפיך של ייצור חלבונים. דרך החשיפה השכיחה ביותר היא בבליעה, אולם דווח על חשיפה עקב מגע או שאיפה, וכן דווח בשנת 1978 על מקרה יחיד של הזרקה לתוך השריר למטרת התנקשות. סימני ההרעלה מופיעים כעבור מספר שעות או ימים, וכוללים כאב בטן, שילשול דמי, חולשה, קוצר-נשימה, חום והחמרה עד לתמט (collapse) מערכתי, סימנים מרכזיים, נמק בכבד ואי-ספיקת כליות. הטיפול בהרעלת ריצין הוא תומך בעיקרו, וקיים חיסון שנוסה בבעלי חיים בלבד. הריצין עלול לשמש כנשק ביולוגי בשל עמידותו לחום, קלות ייצורו ושכיחות העולמית. אולם בימים אלה נבדק שימוש אחר בריצין – מתן תכשיר זה כאימונוטוקסין לטיפול בחולי סרטן.

Thrombolytic Therapy or Primary Coronary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction?

David Pereg, Shlomo Behar, Alexander Battler, Valentina Boyko, Shmuel Gottlieb, Jonathan Leor: Israel Thrombolytic Survey Group

Cardiology Division, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba; Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University; and Cardiology Dept., Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva

There has been continuous debate over the superiority of primary percutaneous, transluminal, coronary angioplasty (PTCA) over thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It was questioned whether this advantage of primary PTCA reported in selected populations by experienced centers can be replicated in our clinical practice.

We compared demographic and clinical variables, therapies and outcome in AMI treated with primary PTCA vs thrombolytic therapy. Clinical and demographic variables of 1,678 unselected AMI patients (admitted January/February and May/July 1996) were analyzed in 16 cardiac care units with on-site catheterization facilities and ability to perform PTCA. Of these 803 (48%) were treated by thrombolysis and 99 (6%) by primary PTCA.

The prevalence of adverse prognostic variables, such as anterior wall MI, heart failure on admission or during hospital stay, pulmonary edema, and ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, was higher in the PTCA group. The 7-day, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were similar in the 2 groups: 4%, 7.2% and 12.8%, respectively, in the PTCA group and 5%, 7.2% and 11.1% in the thrombolysis group. There was a trend toward lower mortality in subgroups of high-risk patients: those with heart failure on admission (Killip class >1), the elderly (>65 years), and those with previous MI treated with PTCA. After adjusting for confounders, treatment with primary PTCA was not found to be associated with lower mortality.

Only a small proportion of AMI patients in Israel were treated with primary PTCA in 1996. The frequency of adverse prognostic factors among them was higher but their short and long term outcomes were similar to those of high risk patients treated with thrombolysis.

Transient Ischemic ECG Changes in Acute Cholecystitis without History of Ischemic Heart Disease

Lior Lowenstein, Amer Hussein

Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Bruce Rapport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa

That abdominal distention, nausea, and chest pain may be accompanied by ischemic ECG changes is well known and has been described in the literature. However, very few cases have been reported with acute cholecystitis and ECG changes not due to cardiac ischemia.

We present a previously healthy 20-year-old woman admitted with acute cholecystitis. Prior to surgery routine ECG showed ST-depression and T-wave inversion. The day following cholecystectomy the ECG returned to normal. 1 month later, ergometry and echocardiography were both negative.

Based on the literature and our personal experience, although ECG changes may occur in acute cholecystitis, the possibility of cardiac ischemia must be excluded. However, when no cardiac basis is found, ultrasound of the biliary system might reveal the cause of these ECG changes. Thus, in acute cholecystitis with ischemic ECG changes but no other laboratory or clinical evidence of cardiac ischemia, ECG changes alone are not a contraindication to cholecystectomy. Furthermore, delay in treatment could be harmful.

Clinical, Social and Economic Aspects of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Jacob Feldman, Liora Peleg, Abraham Yaretzky

Geriatric Dept., Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

It is well known that maelderly patients are referred to nursing homes because of "functional decline" without being thoroughly in. We studied 9 elderly patients, all referred to hospital due to functional decline and diagnosed as follows: spinal stenosis - 2 cases, depression - 3, thyrotoxicosis -1, Parkinson -1, polypharmacy and congestive heart failure -1 patient each. Proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment prevent unnecessary hospitalization in nursing homes. Our study is meant to draw attention to this crucial aspect of geriatric medicine.