תוצאת חיפוש

טוביה הדר, יעקב שבירו, בני נגריס ואיתן יניב

גת הספנואיד (sphenoid sinus) היא הנסתרת מכלל גתות האף. התסמינים של מחלה בגת זו אינם סגוליים, ולכן האיבחון מתבסס על בדיקות דימות, טומוגרפיה מחשבית ותהודה מגנטית.

בשנים האחרונות הפכה השיטה האנדוסקופית לגישה הנבחרת בטיפול בלוקים בגת הספנואיד. בין השנים 1992-1997 בוצעו במחלקתנו 38 ניתוחים אנדוסקופיים של גת הספנואיד, בעקבות מחלה מבודדת של גת זו.

התסמינים של החולים היו כאבי ראש, נזלת, חסימה של האף ודמם מהאף. אולם תסמינים אלו אינם סגוליים למחלה בגת הספנואיד. המימצאים בניתוח כללו תהליך זיהומי, כיסה, מוקוצלה, זיהום פטרתי, אדנומה של בלוטת יותרת המוח וגרורה של שאת הרקטוסיגמואיד.

בסקירה זו מדווח על ניסיוננו ביישום השיטה האנדוסקופית לטיפול בלוקים במחלה מבודדת בגת הספנואיד. בגישה ניתוחית זו שיעורי האיבחון וההצלחה הטיפולית גבוהים, שיעור התחלואה נמוך, ומשך הניתוח והאישפוז קצרים.

ארי דירוא, בעז פורר, גדי פישמן, יעקב כהן ודן פליס

אנדוסקופיה גמישה של דרכי-האוויר העליונות בילדים היא כלי איבחוני מהימן, בטוח וקל ליישום. הבדיקה ניתנת לביצוע במסגרת מרפאת החוץ בילדים בכל הגילים. בעבודה הנוכחים מדווח על סקירה של 186 בדיקות עוקבות של ילדים בגילי 3 ימים עד 17 שנה, שהופנו למרפאה החוץ בין השנים 1999-2000. נתונים דמוגרפיים, ההוריות לביצוע הבדיקה, המימצאים הגופניים, מימצאי הבדיקה וההמלצות לטיפול נאספו וסוכמו. ההוריה השכיחה ביותר לבדיקה היתה חסימה של האף ב-56 חולים (30.1%), ב-25 מתוכם התגלה אדנואיד חוסם והומלץ על כריתת אדנואידים. ההוריה השנייה בשכיחותה היתה צרידות ב-40 חולים 21.5%), ב-31 מתוכם נתגלו קישריות על מיתרי הקול. מכלל המימצאים בעבודה זו, השכיח ביותר היה שריעות רקמה אדנואידית ב-56 מהילדים (30.1%) בשלושים-וארבעה ילדים (18.3%) פורשה הבדיקה כתקינה.

הודגם קשר משמעותי מבחינה סטטיסטית בין שיתוף הפעולה של הילד לבין מהימנות הבדיקה, אולם גם במקרה של שיתוף פעולה גרוע ניתן היה במרבית הבדיקות להגיע לרמת מהימנות טובה. הבדיקה היתה קלה לביצוע ומטולת סיבוכים. בעבודה מודגשים יתרונותיה של הבדיקה האנדוסקופית של דרכי-האוויר העליונות במצב עירות לאיבחון פתולוגיות של דרכי-הנשימה העליונות.

Pseudomembranous Colitis: Clinical, Endoscopic and Radiological Correlation - A 2 - Year Experience

Fabiana Benjaminov MD⁽¹⁾, Rivka Zissin MD⁽²⁾, Benjamin Novis MD⁽¹⁾

⁽¹⁾Gastroenterology Institute and ⁽²⁾CT Unit, Meir Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

Abstract: The incidence rates of pseudomembranous colitis are rising. Early diagnosis and treatment are required for management of this potentially life-threatening disease. This report outlines our 2-year experience (1997-1998) at the gastrointestinal institute with 43 patients diagnosed with pseudomembranous colitis and describes the clinical course and imaging studies.

The group consisted of 25 women and 18 men, aged 34-93 years (mean: 67). Thirty-nine patients were treated with antibiotics. Twelve patients were referred directly to an endoscopic examination with a presumed clinical diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis (diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain) that was confirmed by colonoscopy. Thirty-one were referred to colonoscopy following abdominal imaging performed to clarify cause of fever and abdominal pain. Twenty-nine patients had an abdominal CT, one had an US and one a barium follow-through. The CT finding suggesting pseudomembranous colitis included colonic mural thickening in 28 patients (71% diffuse versus 29% segmental colitis), with an average wall thickness of 16 mm. Sixteen patients (59%) had pericolonic fat changes and 15 patients (51%) had ascites. All of these patients, except one, had endoscopic findings consistent with pseudomembranous colitis.

Five patients (11.6 %) died due to the severe PMC.

To conclude, as an abdominal CT is often performed in the acutely ill patient, it may arouse the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis in the proper clinical setting. Such a suspected diagnosis justifies endoscopic evaluation, which is the most reliable diagnostic examination.

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Extracranial Complications of Sinusitis

E. Deutsch, I. Hevron

ENT Dept., Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem

Orbital subperiosteal abscess (SPA) and Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) are the major extracranial complications of acute sinusitis. These complications are aggravated by the close anatomic relationships between the nasal sinuses and the orbits and frontal bone. Furthermore, the rich diploic venous drainage of the region enhances the spread of the infection.

Between 1992 and 1997, 16 patients (mean age 12 years, range 2-15, 10 of them males), 11 of them with SPA and 4 with PPT were operated on by the senior author by means of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Indications for operation included: CT findings of abscess formation and lack of clinical improvement after 48 hours of IV antibiotic therapy. Clinical resolution of symptoms was achieved in all and there were no operative or postoperative complications.

We emphasize and explain the advantages of ESS over external approaches in surgery for extracranial complications of acute sinusitis by several facts: the technique treats the source of the disease, clinical success rate is high, morbidity is low, and facial distortion and poor cosmetic results completely avoided.

Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy - Preliminary Experience 

Joseph Kuriansky, Laureano Fernandez-Cruz

Dept. of General Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; and Dept. of Surgery, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona

Since the advent of extraperitoneal approaches for laparoscopic surgery, the creation of extraperitoneal virtual spaces has spread rapidly. We describe our preliminary experience with selective neck exploration and endoscopic parathyroidectomy in 4 women, aged 57-74, with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma was assessed by technetium-sestamibi scanning and cervical ultrasonography. A cervical work space was created by the introduction of a trocar with an inflatable balloon-tip and maintained with low-pressure CO² insufflation. All procedures were completed endoscopically. There were no intraoperative complications. Mean operative time was 40 minutes and cosmetic results were very satisfactory.

We found endoscopic parathyroidectomy a feasible and safe option and particularly appropriate for the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. Further refinements in technique will enhance its practicability in exploring the mediastinum for ectopic parathyroid glands and in those with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Thoracoscopic Splanchnicectomy for Intractable Pancreatic Pain

Joseph Kuriansky, Alejandro Saenz, Laureano Fernandez-Cruz

Dept. of Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; and Dept. of Surgery, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona

Intractable pain is the most distressing symptom in nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma and in chronic pancreatitis. Recently, thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy has been advocated as a minimally invasive method of pain control in these patients. Between May 1995 and April 1998, 24 patients with nonresectable pancreatic cancer and 4 with chronic pancreatitis, underwent 43 thoracoscopic splanchnicectomies. All suffered from intractable pain, were opiate-dependent and unable to perform normal daily activities. Unilateral left splanchnicectomy was done in 13 and bilateral in 15.

All procedures were completed thoracoscopically. Operative time ranged from 25 to 60 min and mean hospital stay was 3 days. Median pain intensity was reduced by 50% in 24 and no further narcotics or analgesics were required. We found thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy a safe and effective procedure for intractable pancreatic pain.

Laser Treatment of Airway Obstruction in Infants and Children

Y. Efrati, S.M. Sarfaty, S. Kromholz, G. Eshel, M. Weinberg, I. Vinograd

Depts. of Pediatric Surgery, Otolaryngology, Anesthesia and Pediatric Intensive Care, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin (Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University)

Airway obstruction during infancy and childhood requiring surgical ablation is rare, and surgical intervention poses a significant challenge. During recent decades, appropriate endoscopic instrumentation, together with advanced laser beam technology have provided new operative modalities for such patients.

From 1993 to 1995 we treated 40 infants and children, 26 males and 14 females, 13 days to 11 years old (mean 3.3 years) with Nd-YAG or CO² laser. Obstructing lesions included granulation tissue or polyps (16 cases), septa or webs (27), or benign tumors (4). 7 had more than a single lesion.

All were treated endoscopically under general anesthesia without any operative or postoperative deaths. Surgical intervention removed the obstruction and related symptoms in 34. In 6, laser treatment failed, necessitating additional surgical procedures. 3 had circumferential subglottic web. Operative complications included bleeding during removal of a hemangioma in 1 and recrudescence in another. Postoperative complications were transient respiratory failure and pneumonia in 6, all of which resolved with appropriate treatment.

This series proves that laser technology is feasible in the treatment of airway obstruction during infancy and childhood, and is safe and effective.

Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy: Initial Experience

Amir Szold, Joseph M. Klausner, Richard Nakache

Advanced Endoscopic Surgery Unit, Transplantation Unit and Depts. of Surgery B-C, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

We present our initial experience in laparoscopic nephrectomy. 6 patients were operated for a kidney donation and 2 for treatment of a benign disease. All procedures were completed successfully, with no conversion to laparotomy or intra-operative complications. Mean operating time was 210 minutes, and in the donor kidneys the mean warm-ischemic time was 165 seconds. There were 3 postoperative complications, and mean hospitalization was 3.5 days. The transplanted kidneys are all functioning.

From our initial experience, laparoscopic nephrectomy appears to be both feasible and safe. Its implementation requires a combined team with experience in donor surgery and advanced laparoscopic skills. The procedure may increase the availability of living donor kidneys, due to the smaller impact on the donor compared to conventional donor nephrectomy.

Iatrogenic Gallstone Ileus: A New Complication of Bouveret's Syndrome

Miguel Iuchtman, Amos Sternberg, Ricardo Alfici, Ehud Sternberg, Tzvi Fireman

Depts. of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, and Rappaport Medical School, Haifa

Bouveret's syndrome involves gastric outlet obstruction caused by a gallstone in the duodenum. This type of gallstone ileus can be diagnosed and treated endoscopically. Endoscopic stone removal is especially indicated in poor risk patients. A dislodged impacted stone can migrate distally and cause small bowel mechanical obstruction. We report a 51-year-old woman who underwent endoscopic duodenal stone manipulation which resulted in small bowel obstruction.

Salivary Gland Endoscopy: a New Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sialolithiasis

O. Nahlieli, A.M. Baruchin, H. Librus, D. London

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Plastic Surgery Service and Radiology Institute, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon

The use of an endoscopic, minimally invasive technique for the removal of salivary gland stones from the submandibular or parotid duct is described. A 2.0-2.7 mm endoscope is inserted into an incision in the parotid or submandibular duct. When the stone is visualized through the endoscope it is removed using suction and forceps. We used this technique in 45 cases for removal of calculi, screening the ductal system to rule out residual calculi. and determination of ductal dilatation. The success rate was 80% and there were no major postoperative complications. To the best of our knowledge these are the first such cases reported in Israel.