תוצאת חיפוש

רן קורנובסקי

מכון הצינתורים, המערך לקרדיולוגיה, מרכז רפואי רבין; הפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

בשנים האחרונות הפך הצינתור הדחוף להיות טיפול הבחירה באירועים חדים של אוטם שריר הלב. התקדמות נוספת בצינתור הדחוף חלה בעקבות הכנסת תומכים (Stents) במהלך אנגיופלסטיה כלילית דחופה. לאחרונה פורסמו נתונים השוואתיים של טיפול בתומכים משחררי תרופה מסוג "סייפר" בזמן הצינתור בחולי אוטם שריר הלב. תיזמון הצינתור ביחס להתחלת התסמינים התגלה כמדד חשוב ביותר בקביעת הפרוגנוזה הטיפולית. כמו-כן הסתבר במחקרים על צינתור, כי זרימה מרבית בעורקים הכליליים אינה מבטיחה בהכרח זילוח תקין של ריקמת הלב. הטיפול המרבי בחולים עם אוטם חד בשריר הלב כולל לפיכך איבחון מהיר, הגעה מהירה לבית-החולים וזילוח-נישנה כלילי בצינתור באמצעות אנגיופלסטיה והשתלת תומך עם תמיכה פרמקולוגית במעכבי קרישה ובטסיות-דם. יחד-עם-זאת, האתגר הטיפולי בחולים שעברו אוטם שריר הלב עדיין קיים, מתוך מטרה להקטין את שיעור התמותה במהלך האוטם ובתקופה שלאחר-מכן, תוך מניעת סיבוכים מכניים וחשמליים, ותוך הקטנת ההסתברות לאי-ספיקת לב משנית לנזק ללב במהלך האוטם.

משה זוננבליק(1), לנה גרץ(1), דוד רווה(2), אברהם שטיינברג(3), עמוס ינון(2)

המח' לגריאטריה(1), היח' למחלות זיהומית(2), מרכז רפואי שערי-צדק, ירושלים והמרכז לאתיקה רפואית, הפקולטה לרפואה(2), האוניברסיטה העברית, ירושלים

בישראל אין חוק המנחה את הרופאים בתהליך קבלת החלטות לגבי חולה הנוטה למות. עם זאת, הוריות אם יש לתת טיפול תומך חיים ואם לאו מתקבלות בכל זאת על-ידי הרופאים. בפועל אין כל נתונים על שיעור ההוריות לאי-מתן טיפול תומך חיים בבת-החולים השונים בישראל.

המטרה במחקר הייתה לבדוק באופן פרוספקטיבי את שיעור החולים באגף לרפואה פנימית שהתקבלה לגביהם החלטה לאי-מתן טיפול תומך חיים. האם רופא בכיר היה שותף להחלטה והאם היה יידוע של בני-המשפחה לגבי החלטה זו. כמו-כן, נבדקו המאפיינים הדמוגרפיים והקליניים של החולים לגביהם התקבלה החלטה לאי-מתן טיפול תומך חיים.

מתוצאות המחקר עלה, כי מתוך 1,039 חולים שאושפזו ישירות מחדר-מיון במחלקה לרפואה פנימית בבית-החולים שערי צדק ירושלים בחודשים מרץ 2001, דצמבר 2001 וינואר 2002, לגבי 8.8% מהם התקבלה החלטה לאי-מתן טיפול תומך חיים. השיעור הגבוה ביותר (23%) ניצפה במחלקה לגריאטריה ושיעור נמוך מ-1% המחלקה לקרדיולוגיה. רופא בכיר היה שותף בקבלת ההחלטה במרבית החולים (74%). מאידך, ב-29% בלבד מהמקרים היתה המשפחה שותפה בהחלטה.

בניתוח חד-משתנים נמצא, כי שיטיון והיות החולה סיעודי היו המשתנים המשמעותיים ביותר בקבלת החלטה על אי-מתן טיפול תומך חיים. זאת בנוסף למשתנים אחרים, כגון גיל החולה, מצבו המשפחתי, סוג המחלה וחומרתה. בניתוח רב-שתנים נמצא, כי רק המצב התיפקודי קודם לאישפוז היה בעל משמעות סטטיסטית בתהליך קבלת ההחלטות.

מימצאי המחקר תומכים בצורך החיוני להאצת הסדר לכתיבת הוריות רפואיות מקדימות ואימוץ המלצות הוועדה הציבורית לענייני החולה הנוטה למות שהוגשו לאחרונה לשר הבריאות, עשויות לסייע בקבלת החלטות בשאלות מוסריות שונות ביחס לחולה הנוטה למות.

Treatment of Traumatic False Aneurysm of the Thoracic Aorta with Stent Graft

R. Avrahami, M. Noyman-Levine, M. Haddad, A. Koren, J. Dahan, G. Sivak, A. Zelikovski,

Department of Vascular Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva

and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel

The treatment of traumatic false aneurysm of the thoracic aorta by endovascular stent graft may have advantages over conventional surgery. This is a case study of two women suffering from false aneurysm of the thoracic aorta caused in one by a knife injury and in the other by a car accident. After the patients became hemodynamically stable, a commercially available endothelial stent graft (Talent, Gor) was deployed. Recovery was rapid in the first patient. The second patient required emergency laparotomy for venous bleeding one day after stent placement; she died two weeks later, mainly from organ failure.

Conclusions: Endovascular techniques can be used in selected cases to treat thoracic false aneurysms thereby avoiding the complexity and morbidity of conventional surgery.

Metallic Stents for Acute Colonic Obstruction

M. Itkin, E. Atar, H. Neuman, D. Kravarosic, Z. Fuko, M. Kaz

Radiology and General Surgery B Depts., Golda Campus; and General Surgery Dept., Beilinson Campus; Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva

The traditional treatment of acute colonic obstruction, usually caused by malignant tumor, is a 2-stage surgical procedure. The first operation is emergent and includes primary tumor resection and end colostomy followed by scheduled colostomy closure. These operations are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Recently, insertion of self-expanding metallic stents for temporary colonic decompression has been was introduced. With this new technique colostomy can be avoided in the acute phase.

In advanced colonic cancer stent-insertion is the only palliative treatment. It is done in the radiology department under fluoroscopic guidance. We present 2 cases of malignant colonic obstruction treated successfully by stent insertion.

1000 Cardiac Catheterizations in Congenital Heart Disease

Benjamin Zeevi, Galit Bar-Mor, Michael Berant

Cardiac Catheterization Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Over the past 15 years, percutaneous therapeutic cardiac catheterization has become increasingly important in the treatment of congenital heart disease. We describe our experience in 1000 such catheterizations between 1993-1997. 55% were in 1-12-year-olds; only 20% were in patients younger than 1 year old and 11.3% were in adults with congenital heart defects. In about 50% it was at least a second cardiac catheterization. Overall, there were 425 therapeutic cardiac catheterizations, increasing from 33% in the first 200 procedures, to 63% in the last 200.

We performed 30 different types of therapeutic catheterizations: 23.3% were valvular dilations, 21.4% vessel angioplasties, 36.9% closure procedures, 9.2% electrophysiological procedures, and 9.2% miscellaneous. In 31.3% of therapeutic catheterizations we used 12 new procedures. Minor complications occurred in 8.5% and major in 0.6%; most complications were successfully treated or were self-limited and there was no residual damage.

In this report the current role of each type of major catheterization is discussed on the basis of our experience. Further development of technology for lesions not amenable to currently available transcatheter methods, and longer follow-up for current techniques will consolidate the role of therapeutic cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease.

Home Palliative Care of Terminal Cancer Patients, with Family Feedback

Hana Arad, Hana Geva, Valery Rosin, Ruth Kibrik, Isaac Kersz

Home Care Unit of Kupat Holim Haklalit, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula and Quality Improvement Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa

Palliative care of terminal cancer patients is one of the tasks of our Home Care Unit. Increasing hospitalization costs have brought forward the decision to treat them at home, assuming that they would prefer to return and die in their natural surroundings, among family.

Most of our patients are aged, recent immigrants from the Soviet Union, of low socioeconomic status; most live with their close families. Our care model combines social, cultural, economic, medical and nursing aspects. More patients choose to die at home, and that is where costs are minimal. Care management and characteristics of 44 terminal cancer patients, who died between January and October 1996, are described. Living with a family was not required for treatment at home. Length of care by the unit ranged from 1-48 weeks, with an average of 8.5 and a median of 6. 55% of patients were hospitalized, most (58%) for 5-9 days for noncancerous diseases, and then discharged home. 54% died at home, a third were hospitalized for 2-17 days before death. Compared to the average length of stay in palliative care oncology wards, 1044 days and more than NIS 500,000 were saved.

A telephone survey examined families' satisfaction with various components of care. 92% were satisfied with the home treatment. 79%-82% felt that the nurse and doctor of the team met their needs and expectations. Half the families were satisfied with the treatment of pain. Families in which treatment was 24 weeks or more were generally less satisfied than those with shorter treatment at home. We learned that an early entry into treatment is necessary; hospital referral criteria should consider to a greater extent the coping ability of families; nursing aid hours should be increased and professional emotional support added; additional pain control methods should be used. All these would strengthen families, improve quality of care, and contribute to additional savings by decreasing hospital stay.

Balloon Angioplasty of Native Coarctation of the Aorta

Benjamin Zeevi, Galit Bar-Mor, Michael Berant

Cardiac Catheterization Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The use of balloon dilatation to treat native coarctation of the aorta is gaining acceptance among interventional pediatric cardiologists, but is still controversial. We describe our experience with this procedure in 21 children, mean age 5.6 years and mean weight 21.1 kg. Most had an additional congenital heart defect, most commonly a bicuspid aortic valve. 17 were asymptomatic, 3 had tachypnea and 1 infant had severe congestive heart failure and was ventilated. The mean systolic blood pressure was 129.7 mm Hg.

Balloon dilatation was successful in 90% (19), decreasing the mean maximal systolic gradient from 35.3 to 9 mm Hg (p<0.001), and increasing the narrowest area from 3.9 to 8.2 mm (p<0.001), with a mean balloon-to-coarctation width-ratio of 2.8. There were no complications. Of 15 who underwent repeat cardiac catheterization at a mean interval of 10.6 months, 2 had a maximal systolic gradient of more than 20 mm Hg. 1 of these underwent successful repeat angioplasty and the other, who also had a small aneurysm, underwent surgical repair successfully. 2 others had small aneurysms and they are being followed clinically.

All patients were seen again after a mean interval of 31 months. The mean systolic blood pressure was 104 mm Hg, significantly lower than before intervention (p<0.002). 1 had an increased pressure gradient between right arm and leg of 35 mm Hg at later follow-up, and repeat cardiac catheterization demonstrated a good result 13 months after the initial procedure. She is awaiting a third catheterization. Overall, 90% had good mid-term results.

Based on our experience and recent reports, balloon angioplasty is safe and effective in most children older than 7 months and should be considered a viable alternative to operation for discrete aortic coarctation. Further long-term evaluation is needed.

Emergency Stenting for Acute Left Main Coronary Artery Closure during Cardiac Catheterization

Alberto Hendler, Oren Agranat

Catheterization Laboratory, Rama Marpeh Hospital, Petah Tikva

We report a case of acute closure of the left main coronary artery, a rare complication of diagnostic cardiac catheterization, treated by emergency stenting prior to aorto-coronary by-pass surgery. We suggest encroachment of the Judkins catheter into a calcified left main ostium, with dissection and acute thrombosis of this segment, as the possible mechanism.

Clinically, the patient's condition deteriorated to cardiogenic shock and loss of consciousness. Remarkably, there was no angiographic evidence of significant left main coronary artery disease, besides the presence of calcification in the proximal part of the left coronary system and ventricularization of coronary pressure at the time of engagement. We chose to slide quickly the angioplasty guidewire through the left main coronary artery, which allowed prompt mechanical recanalization and rapid restoration of coronary flow, with dramatic clinical and hemodynamic improvement. This relatively simple procedure allowed stenting the left main artery after brief predilation, and the patient came to by-pass surgery in excellent condition. The rationale for surgery in this case was the need for complete coronary revascularization because of significant 3-vessel coronary artery disease.

Angioplasty and Stenting of the Carotid Artery

Eli Atar, Alexander Garniek, Issam Rabi, Benymina Morag, Zallman Rubinstein

Dept. of Diagnostic Imaging, Interventional Radiology Unit, and Dept. of Vascular Surgery; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University)

Percutaneous endovascular techniques are well established procedures in the management of peripheral vascular disease and visceral arterial stenosis. They are now being adapted for use in the carotid artery as well. 8 patients with 9 extracranial carotid artery stenoses were successfully treated by percutaneous angioplasty, following which in 4 of them 5 stents were inserted. The stenotic lesions were situated in the proximal internal carotid artery and in its bifurcation and also in the common carotid artery. The indications for angioplasty in these patients were the same as for surgery. There were no major complications. 1 patient had transient hemiparesis lasting a few hours, and another had bradycardia following balloon dilatation in the region of the carotid body. Percutaneous endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis is becoming a safe, feasible alternative to surgery.