Israel Medical Association Journal

Background: Primary achalasia is a rare disorder but a significant cause of esophageal motor dysfunction. The pathophysiology of achalasia is still unknown, although an autoimmune etiology is suspected.

Objectives: To examine the presence of autoantibodies against autonomic nervous system receptors among primary achalasia patients.

Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, we measure the levels of serum autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors of the autonomic nervous system, including adrenergic, muscarinic, endothelin, and angiotensin receptors. The study included 40 primary achalasia patients and 40 healthy controls without known history of achalasia, autoimmune diseases, or symptoms of an esophageal motility disorder.

Results: A statistically significant low level of autoantibodies against the M2 muscarinic receptor was observed in the serum of primary achalasia patients compared with the control group (P < 0.009). When exploring the two common achalasia types, a statistically significant low level of autoantibodies against type M1, M2, and M5 muscarinic receptors was observed among type 2 achalasia patients compared to patients with type 1 achalasia.

Conclusions: The finding of reduced levels of autoantibodies targeting the M2 muscarinic receptor in the serum of primary achalasia patients provides a valuable insight into the underlying pathogenesis of the disease.

Background: Silicone breast implants (SBIs) are associated with subjective and autoimmune related manifestations, ranging from reported symptoms such as depression and fatigue to diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis.

Objectives: To examine whether autoantibodies directed against autonomic nervous system receptors are associated with reported symptoms of dry mouth and eyes in patients with SBIs.

Methods: ELISA assays were used to evaluate a panel of 11 autoantibodies in the sera of patients with SBIs and age-matched healthy controls.

Results: Four autoantibodies (anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor, anti-β1 adrenergic receptor, anti-muscarinic receptors M2, and anti-muscarinic receptors MR) had significantly lower median titers in SBI recipients who reported dry mouth compared to the control group (9.9 vs. 15.7, P < 0.001; 8.8 vs. 23.3, P < 0.001; 3.2 vs. 4.7, P < 0.001; and 6 vs. 8.8, P = 0.0011, respectively). Anti-muscarinic receptor M4 had significantly lower median titers in patients with SBIs who reported dry eyes compared to the control group (5.9 vs. 8.8, P = 0.0039).

Conclusions: A dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system in SBI recipients was correlated with the presence of dry mouth and dry eyes. Our results emphasize the need to further investigate the proposed involvement of the autonomic nervous system in subjective symptoms reported by SBI recipients.