Israel Medical Association Journal

Background: Acute myocarditis (AM) is an inflammatory cardiac condition with heterogeneous clinical manifestations that often overlap with other acute cardiac syndromes, making diagnosis challenging.

Objectives: To characterize the prevalence, clinical profile, and outcomes of AM patients with respiratory viral pathogen detection on nasopharyngeal swabs at admission.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients admitted to the Sheba Medical Center with confirmed AM between January 2005 and December 2020. Diagnosis was based on compatible presentation, elevated cardiac biomarkers, and supportive imaging findings. Nasopharyngeal swab results, when performed, were reviewed for respiratory viral detection.

Results: Among 425 identified AM cases, 146 (34%) underwent swab testing; 11 (8%) tested positive for respiratory viral pathogens, most commonly influenza A (n=5) and adenovirus (n=3). With one exception, all positive cases occurred during winter or early spring (10/77, 13%). Compared with swab-negative patients, swab-positive individuals were older (47 ± 22 vs. 35 ± 14 years, P = 0.03), more frequently female (45% vs. 14%, P = 0.007), and more often presented with dyspnea (55% vs. 25%, P = 0.036) but less commonly with ST-segment elevation (27% vs. 70%, P = 0.003). No differences were observed in inflammatory markers, imaging findings, or hospital stay.

Conclusions: Respiratory viral detection in AM is uncommon and predominantly seasonal. Nasopharyngeal swabbing is a simple, non-invasive tool that may help identify treatable viral pathogens and guide patient management. These data provide a pre-COVID-19 reference for future studies investigating the impact of viral infection on myocardial injury.

Background: Limited data exist regarding the association between marital status and outcomes among octogenarian and nonagenarian patients with heart failure (HF).

Objectives: To examine the association between marital status and outcomes of octogenarian and nonagenarian patients with HF.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1371 octogenarians and nonagenarians who were hospitalized with HF and enrolled in the multicenter national survey in Israel between March and April 2003. The patients were followed until December 2014. Patients were classified into married (n=562) and unmarried (n=809). The clinical characteristics of the patients by marital status categories were compared by using Student's t-test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to present survival estimates according to the different marital status categories and the subsequent 4-year survival probability. Multivariate stepwise Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to assess the independent predictors of mortality among the study population.

Results: Married patients were more likely to be male, to smoke, and to have past myocardial infarction and previous revascularization. They tended to have higher rates of peripheral vascular disease and dyslipidemia. Survival analysis showed that 4-year mortality rates were similar between married and unmarried patients. The main consistent independent predictors of 4-year mortality were age, advanced HF (New York Heart association (NYHA) > 2), advanced renal failure, low hemoglobin, high Charlson Comorbidity Index, and low admission systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions: Among the octogenarian and nonagenarian population with HF, being unmarried does not confer an increased risk of mortality. Nevertheless, unmarried patients had a different clinical profile. Higher risk profile, co-morbidities, and advanced age impact mortality among octogenarian and nonagenarian patients.