Summary

Modern armed conflicts increasingly expose civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, to direct military threats such as missile attacks. Hospitals provide care for some of the most vulnerable patients, including bedridden individuals and those requiring continuous monitoring that cannot be easily relocated. Protecting these patients during active hostilities presents a major operational challenge. Hospitals must maintain clinical care, prepare for potential infrastructure damage, and remain ready to receive mass casualty victims. Previous disasters and conflict-related evacuations have demonstrated the complexity and risks of relocating hospitalized patients under emergency conditions [1,2].